San-tē tông-pau_Lân-sū Iâ-mi cho̍k ê Seng-oa̍h
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山地同胞，蘭嶼雅美族ê生活 |
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卓信得 |
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Khah-chá kiò chò “Hoan-á”, hiān-chāi kiò chò “San-tē tông-pau” ê san-tē lâng; jîn-kháu ū 21 bān gōa, khiā-khí tī Tâi-oân choân-séng ê san-tē á-sī soaⁿ-kha. In lóng-chóng ū 10 cho̍k, seng-oa̍h si̍p-koàn, giân-gú, sèng-chit kok cho̍k lóng bô saⁿ-tâng. Chit tia̍p góa só͘ teh-beh kài-siāu ê chiū-sī tòa tī Lân-sū ê Iâ-mi cho̍k. Lân-sū sī sòe-sòe ê tó-sū, lī Tâi-oân pún-tó 40 gōa mai. Nā hó thiⁿ ê sî tùi Tâi-tang lâm-pêng ê Tāi-bú hong-bīn khòaⁿ ē tio̍h. Tùi Sêng-kong hiān-chāi ū chi̍t chiah chûn teh kiâⁿ, tēng múi 10 kang kiâⁿ chi̍t pái, chóng-sī hong-éng nā khah tōa tām-po̍h, chiū m̄-káⁿ kiâⁿ, só͘-í kau-thong iáu sī chin put-piān.
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較早叫做「番仔」，現在叫做「山地同胞」ê 山地人；人口有21 萬外，企起tī台灣全省ê山地抑是山腳。In 攏總有十族，生活習慣、言語、性質，各族攏無相同。這tia̍p我所teh-beh介紹ê就是tòa tī蘭嶼ê雅美族。蘭嶼是細細ê島嶼，離台灣本島40外mai(miles）。若好天ê時tùi台東南爿ê大武方面看會著。Tùi成功現在有一隻船teh行，定每10工行一擺，總--是風湧若較大淡薄，就m̄-káⁿ行，所以交通iáu是真不便。 |
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1. In ê chhù.
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1. In ê厝。 |
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Iâ-mi cho̍k ê chhù kap pa̍t cho̍k lóng bô sio-siâng. In ê chhù tio̍h tí-khòng chi̍t nî kúi-nā pái ê hong-thai. Só͘-í m̄-káⁿ khí siuⁿ koân. Lâng teh tòa ê chhù sī thô͘ ku̍t chhim-chhim lo̍h khì, téng-bīn chiah khàm-chháu, 3 bīn sī thô͘-piah, tong-jiân sī bô thang-á. Ū chi̍t ê chio̍h-thâu kiā-á thang peh-khí peh-lo̍h. Gîm-chîⁿ lī tē-bīn chí-ū 4, 5 chhioh koân, koh 2 ê mn̂g sī chhin-chhiūⁿ thang-á hiah sè ê, só͘-í nā beh ji̍p-khì in ê chhù-lāi, tio̍h ēng Ǹg chiah ū pān-hoat. Ji̍t-sî hó thiⁿ ê sî, lāi-bīn mā àm so-so, khong-khì iā chin bái. Nā chí-pn̄g ê sî koh-khah chhiⁿ-chhám, tio̍h hun kàu ba̍k-sái tap-tap ti̍h. Chóng-sī in lóng bô lia̍h chòe kan-khó͘, hoán-tńg khòaⁿ in chhù sī tē it lí-sióng ê chhù. Góa bat ji̍p-khì khòaⁿ, lāi-bīn bô keng-keh, iā bô bîn-chhn̂g. Tī thô͘-bīn ū pho͘ pang, che chiū-sī in ê bîn-chhn̂g. Lāi-bīn iā bô chi̍t tè í, bô chi̍t ê tû, só͘ ū ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ lóng sī chhìn-chhái hē, chhìn-chhái chíⁿ. Kóng mi̍h-kiāⁿ, kî-si̍t iā bô sím-mi̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Ū chin chē ê, sī kan-ta tiàu kàu móa piah ê iûⁿ-kak, gû-kak nā-tiāⁿ. M̄-chai khǹg jōa kú, hun kauo?3-sô-sô. Lán khòaⁿ hiah ê sī lóng bô kè-ta̍t, chóng-sī in lia̍h chiah ê sī chi̍t chióng ê pó-pòe.
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雅美族ê厝kap別族攏無相siâng。In ê厝著抵抗一年幾若擺ê風颱。所以m̄-káⁿ起siuⁿ懸。人teh tòa ê厝是塗掘深深落--去，頂面才蓋草，3面是塗壁，當然是無窗仔。有一個石頭崎仔thang peh起peh落。Gîm簷離地面只有四、五尺懸，koh 2個門是親像窗仔hiah細ê,所以若beh入去in ê厝內，著用Ǹg才有辦法。日--時好天ê時，內面mā暗so-so,空氣也真bái。若煮飯ê時koh較悽慘，著薰到目屎tap-tap滴。總--是in攏無掠做艱苦，反轉看in厝是第一理想ê厝。我bat入去看，內面無間隔，也無眠床。Tī塗面有舖枋，che就是in ê眠床。內面也無一塊椅，無一個櫥，所有ê物件，其實也無甚mi̍h物件。有真濟ê,是kan-ta吊到滿壁ê羊角、牛角nā-tiāⁿ。M̄知囥偌久，薰到烏sô-sô。咱看hiah ê是攏無價值，總--是in掠chiah ê是一種ê寶貝。 |
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Iâ-mi cho̍k tī chit khoán khiā-ke ê piⁿ-á khah siông iáu ū liâng-têng, chit ê liâng-têng iā-sī tī pa̍t cho̍k ê tiong-kan bōe thang khòaⁿ-tio̍h ê. Liâng-têng sī chhāi 4 ki thiāu-á, téng-bīn khàm chháu, lī tē-bīn 5, 6 chhioh koân ê só͘-chāi pho͘ pang lâi khí ê. Kap góa chò tīn khì ê Hô Ko͘-niû kóng chit ê liâng-têng chiū-sī “Kóng-ōe têng”. In-ūi in put-sî peh-khí tī hit téng-bīn teh phah chhùi-kó͘.
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雅美族tī這款企家ê邊仔較常iáu有涼亭，這個涼亭也是tī別族ê中間bōe thang看著--ê。涼亭是chhāi四枝柱仔，頂面khàm草，離地面五、六尺懸ê所在舖枋來起--ê。Kap我做陣去--ê何姑娘講這個涼亭就是「講話亭」。因為in不時peh起tī hit頂面 teh扑嘴鼓。 |
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2. In ê ho̍k-chong.
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2. In ê服裝。 |
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Ta-po͘-lâng bô chhēng saⁿ-khò͘, chí-ū ēng chi̍t tiâu tn̂g-tn̂g ê pò͘ hâ “T” jī hêng ân-ân lâi jia kio̍k-pō͘ nā-tiāⁿ. Hū-jîn-lâng kūn-lâi chiah khah ū teh chhēng kûn, chóng-sī heng-khám iáu sī kan-ta ēng chi̍t tè sì-sì kak-kak ê âng-pò͘ ûi-teh nā-tiāⁿ, só͘-í kha-chiah-phiaⁿ, keng-thâu, pak-tó͘ lóng khòaⁿ hiān-hiān. In ê ho̍k-chong sui-jiân chiah-ni̍h kán-tan, iáu-kú chin ē-hiáu ài súi, chin-chē hū-jîn-lâng ēng soh-á chhng chióng-chióng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ pa̍k tī thâu-hia̍h, chhiú-kut, á-sī tiàu tī ām-kún. In só͘ ài ēng chò chng-thāⁿ ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ chiū-sī chu-á, lê-á-khak, ti-ko-gê, pe̍h tâng-sián, tûi kàu píⁿ-píⁿ tōa-tōa ê ê gûn-kak-á, liú-á, ū sî ia̍h bat khòaⁿ-kìⁿ chiú-that-á.
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查甫人無穿衫褲，只有用一條長長ê 布hâ「T」字形ân-ân來遮局部nā-tiāⁿ。婦人人近來才較有teh穿裙，總--是胸坎iáu是kan-ta用一塊四四角角ê紅布圍--teh nā-tiāⁿ，所以kha-chiah-phiaⁿ、肩頭、腹肚攏看現現。In ê服裝雖然chiah-ni̍h 簡單，iáu-kú真會曉ài súi,真濟婦人人用索仔穿種種ê物件縛 tī頭額、手骨，抑是吊tī頷頸。In所愛用做chng thāⁿ ê物件就是珠仔、螺仔殼、豬哥牙、白銅sián,錘到扁扁大大個ê銀角仔、鈕仔，有時亦bat看見酒塞仔。 |
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3. In ê chia̍h.
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3. In ê食。 |
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In ê chia̍h iā sī hui-siông kán-tan. Ta̍k ji̍t chia̍h ō͘-á kap hân-chî, chhiⁿ-chhài chiū-sī hiah ê koáiⁿ kap hio̍h, á-sī koeh-niau. Iâm chiū-sī î-it ê tiau-bī-liāu. Iâ-mi cho̍k sī thó-hî lâng, eng-kai siông-siông ū hî thang chia̍h chiah tio̍h, chóng-sī sū-si̍t bô án-ni, goán tī hia chi̍t lé-pài kú, chí-ū chiah bóe tio̍h chi̍t bóe hî nā-tiāⁿ. Iâ-mi cho̍k lia̍h bô hî, sī in-ūi in thó-hî ê khì-kū thài kán-tan, hong-hoat thài iù-tī. Chóng-sī Iâ-mi cho̍k chi̍t nî iā ū chi̍t pái thang hióng-hok ê sî-chūn, chiū-sī 4-6 ge̍h ê tiong-kan, tī hit sî in ē thang lia̍h chin-chē poe-o͘, só͘ lia̍h ê hî m̄-nā chia̍h bōe liáu, iáu ū thang pha̍k koaⁿ. In lia̍h poe-o͘ ê hoat-tō͘ sī àm-sî chûn-á kò chhut-khì hái-ni̍h, tī hit lāi-bīn khí hóe, poe-o͘ khòaⁿ-tio̍h hóe chiū óa-lâi, in kan-ta ēng bāng-á kā in hô͘ khí-lâi nā-tiāⁿ. Tī Lân-sū ū chin-chē chúi-ke (in kiò chò Tolatola) kap môa, chóng-sī Iâ-mi cho̍k m̄-káⁿ chia̍h. In iā m̄-káⁿ chia̍h N̄g, hî iā bô loān chia̍h. Hî ū hun ta-po͘-lâng hî, cha-bó͘-lâng hî. Ta-po͘-lâng thang chia̍h cha-bó͘-lâng hî, chóng-sī cha-bó͘-lâng choa̍t-tùi bô chia̍h ta-po͘-lâng hî, liân beh chú ê sî iā bô phah saⁿ-chham. In ê hū-jîn-lâng nā seng-sán, bô chia̍h te̍k-pia̍t khah ū chū-ióng ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, hoán-tńg kìm chōe-chōe mi̍h-kiāⁿ bô chia̍h. Iâ-mi cho̍k ê cha-bó͘ pí ta-po͘ khah chió iā bô kî-koài.
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In ê食也是非常簡單。逐日食芋仔kap 蕃藷，青菜就是hiah ê桿kap葉，抑是koeh-niau。鹽就是唯一ê調味料。雅美族是討魚人，應該常常有魚thang食才著，總--是事實無án-ni,阮tī hia一禮拜久，只有才買著一尾魚nā-tiāⁿ。雅美族掠無魚，是因為in 討魚ê 器具太簡單，方法太幼稚。總--是雅美族一年也有一擺thang享福ê 時陣，就是4-6月ê中間，tī hit時in會thang掠真濟飛烏，所掠ê魚m̄-nā 食bōe了，iáu有thang曝乾。In掠飛烏ê 法度是暗時船仔kò出去海--ni̍h，tī hit內面起火，飛烏看著火就倚來，in kan-ta用網仔kā in hô͘--起來 nā-tiāⁿ。Tī蘭嶼有真濟水雞（in 叫做Tola-tola)kap鰻，總--是雅美族 m̄-káⁿ食。In也m̄-káⁿ食卵，魚也無亂食。魚有分查甫人魚、查某人魚，查甫人thang食查某人魚，總--是，查某人絕對無食查甫人魚，連beh煮ê時也無扑相摻。In ê婦人人若生產，無食特別較有滋養ê物件，反轉禁濟濟物件無食。雅美族ê查某比查甫較少也無奇怪。 |
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Iâ-mi cho̍k bô lim-chiú, chóng-sī hun kap pin-N̂g chia̍h chin tōa. Bô-lūn ta-po͘, cha-bó͘ lóng-sī án-ni. Thiaⁿ-kóng kong-ho̍k āu ū chi̍t chiah chài chin-chē hun ê chûn phiau-liû kàu hia, hit sî in chiong hun pun hō͘ Iâ-mi cho̍k chia̍h, chiah o̍h chia̍h khí ê. Siat-sú hit ê í-chêng lán ê hok-im nā thoân kàu tī in tiong-kan, kin-á-ji̍t in m̄-bián chò hun ê lô͘-châi, iā bô tek-khak.
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雅美族無lim酒，總--是薰kap檳榔食真大。無論查甫、查某攏是án-ni。聽講光復後有一隻載真濟薰ê船漂流到hia,hit時in將薰分hō͘雅美族食，才學食起--ê。設使hit個以前咱ê福音若傳到tī in中間，今仔日in m̄免做薰 ê奴才，也無的確。 |
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4. In ê bê-sìn.
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4. In ê 迷信。 |
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Góa tī san-tē lâng ê tiong-kan m̄-bat khòaⁿ-tio̍h chi̍t cho̍k chhin-chhiūⁿ Iâ-mi cho̍k hiah kiaⁿ kúi. Siông-siông khòaⁿ-kìⁿ ta-po͘-lâng giâ 6, 7 chhioh tn̂g ê pio teh kiâⁿ. Chit ki pio m̄-sī beh phah lâng á-sī phah soaⁿ-ti, chiū-sī ūi-tio̍h beh kóaⁿ kúi. In siūⁿ kóng in nā giâ chit ki pio, kúi chiū m̄-káⁿ óa-lâi. Lâng nā sí, i ê ka-cho̍k sûi-sî ēng tōa-soh pa̍k i ê seng-khu, āiⁿ khì bōng-á-po͘ tâi. Tâi liáu-āu, kúi-nā lâng giâ pio hiòng khong-tiong tu̍h-lâi tu̍h-khì, chiah lī-khui hia. In siūⁿ kóng án-ni chhòng, kúi chiah bē tòe--lâi. Bōng-á-po͘ ê chhâ in choa̍t-tùi m̄-káⁿ chhò lâi ēng.
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我tī山地人ê中間m̄-bat看著一族親像雅美族hiah驚鬼。常常看見查甫人giâ六、七尺長ê鏢teh行。這枝鏢m̄是beh扑人抑是扑山豬，就是為著beh趕鬼。In想講in若giâ這枝鏢，鬼就m̄-káⁿ倚來。人若死，伊ê 家族隨時用大索pa̍k伊ê身軀，āiⁿ去墓仔埔埋。埋了後，幾若人giâ鏢向空中tu̍h來tu̍h去，才離開hia。In想講án-ni創，鬼才bē tòe--來。墓仔埔ê柴in絕對m̄-káⁿ剉來用。 |
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Tùi chit khoán kiaⁿ kúi ê sim-lí, Iâ-mi cho̍k ū chin-chē bê-sìn. In m̄-káⁿ chia̍h lán khòaⁿ chòe chin ū chu-ióng ê N̄g, chúi-ke, môa, chiū-sī ūi-tio̍h in ê bê-sìn ê iân-kò͘. Hū-jîn-lâng nā ū sin-īn 3, 4 kò goe̍h, chiū tio̍h lī-khui i ê ka-cho̍k khì tòa tī chi̍t keng sòe-sòe keng ê liâu-á. Seng-sán āu kúi-nā goe̍h-ji̍t kú iáu tòa tī hia, āu-lâi chiah tńg-lâi i ê chhù kap i ê ka-cho̍k saⁿ-kap tòa. In siūⁿ kóng nā khì hit khoán sòe-sòe keng ê liâu-á tòa, kúi chiū m̄-chai, ia̍h bōe hiáu lâi lêng-tī i. M̄-nā seng-sán ê sî, phòa-pīⁿ khah kú ê sî, iā sī siāng-khoán khì tī hit khoán liâu-á tòa.
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Tùi這款驚鬼ê心理，雅美族有真濟迷信。In m̄-káⁿ食咱看做真有滋養ê卵、水雞、鰻，就是為著in ê迷信ê緣故。婦人人若有身孕三、四個月，就著離開伊ê家族去tòa tī一間細細間ê寮仔。生產後幾若月日久iáu tòa tī hia,後--來才轉來伊ê厝kap伊ê家族相-kap tòa。In想講若去hit 款細細間ê寮仔tòa,鬼就m̄知，亦bōe曉來凌治--伊。M̄-nā生產ê時，破病較久ê時，也是像款去tī hit款寮仔tòa。 |
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In beh chia̍h ti-bah ê sî, tiāⁿ-tio̍h sī seng hiat chi̍t tè hō͘ kúi chia̍h. Bô-tāi bô-chì nā kā lâng kóng “Lín bîn-á-chài beh chia̍h ti-bah ho͘N3?” Chiū bē tit ti̍t, ū sî sòa khí sio-phah. In-ūi in siūⁿ kóng “kúi í-keng ū thiaⁿ-tio̍h i án-ni kóng, keh-ji̍t chin-chiàⁿ chiū ē beh lâi chia̍h ti-bah, chóng-sī nā chia̍h bô, in ē siū-khì, āu-lâi ē lêng-tī i.”
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In beh食豬肉ê時，定著是先hiat一塊hō͘鬼食。無代無誌若kā人講：「Lín明仔再beh食豬肉--ho͘N3？」就bē tit直，有時續起相扑。因為in 想講「鬼已經有聽著伊án-ni講，隔日真正就會beh來食豬肉，總--是若食無，in 會受氣，後--來會凌治伊」。 |
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Iâ-mi cho̍k ê chûn bô sûi-piān hō͘ pa̍t lâng chē, in-ūi in siong-sìn nā hō͘ pa̍t lâng chē, āu-pái lia̍h bô hî. Hū-jîn-lâng beh chit-pò͘ ê sî, koh khah joa̍h ia̍h m̄-káⁿ peh-khí liâng-têng-á chit. In-ūi kiaⁿ liáu ūi-tio̍h án-ni ē khí hong-thai. Nā seⁿ siang-seⁿ, tē 2 ê tiāⁿ-tio̍h kā i ne̍h sí, in-ūi siūⁿ kóng hit ê sī kúi siⁿ ê.
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雅美族ê船無隨便hō͘別人坐，因為in相信若hō͘別人坐，後來掠無魚。婦人人beh織布ê時，koh較熱亦m̄敢peh起涼亭仔織。因為驚了為著án-ni會起風颱。若生雙生，第二個定著kā伊ne̍h死，因為想講hit個是鬼生-- ê。 |
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Kiat-lūn.
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結論 |
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Iâ-mi cho̍k ê seng-oa̍h chiū-sī goân-sí seng-oa̍h, iā sī m̄ bat to̍k-it chin ê Siōng-tè ê lâng ê seng-oa̍h. Hō͘ lán khòaⁿ liáu kám-kak iā hó chhiò, iā khó-lîn. Chin kai-chài, in tī chiâⁿ cha̍p nî chêng iā ū ki-hōe thang thiaⁿ-tio̍h hok-im. Hiān-chāi lán ê kàu-hōe í-keng ū phó͘-piàn kàu ta̍k ê pō͘-lo̍k, sìn-tô͘-sò͘ ū chiàm jîn-kháu ê saⁿ hūn chi̍t. Che sī Siōng-tè ê un-tián. Chóng-sī góa kám-kak lán tī hia teh chòe ê kang, iáu sī sio̍k tī chho͘-pō͘, chhú-khì ê kang koh-khah iàu-kín. Sui-jiân in ū sìn, in ê sìn-gióng iáu sī chin iù-tī, tōa to͘-sò͘ ê sìn-chiá iáu m̄-chai in só͘ teh sìn ê sī sím-mi̍h, iā sìn gióng kap seng-oa̍h ū sím-mi̍h koan-hē. Kà-sī in kàu chiâⁿ-chòe si̍t-chāi ê Ki-tok-tô͘, iáu tio̍h koh siong-tong ê ló͘-le̍k.
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雅美族ê生活就是原始生活，也是m̄ bat獨一真ê上帝ê人ê生活。Hō͘咱看了感覺也好笑，也可憐。真佳哉，in tī成十年前也有機會thang聽著福音。現在咱ê教會已經有普遍到逐個部落，信徒數有佔人口ê三份一。Che是上帝ê恩典。總--是我感覺咱tī hia teh 做ê工，iáu是屬tī初步，此去ê工koh較要緊。雖然in有信，in ê信仰iáu是真幼稚，大多數ê信者iáu m̄知in所teh信ê是甚mi̍h，也信仰kap生活ū甚mi̍h關係。教示in到成做實在ê基督徒，iáu著koh相當ê努力。 |
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Góa ài khún-chhéng múi chi̍t ūi kèng-ài ê chí-bē, siông-siông ūi san-tē kàu-hōe ê tióng-sêng kî-tó; iā kè-sio̍k ūi-tio̍h san-tē kàu-hōe ê kang-chok lâi hōng-hiàn. Ki-nî San-tē Soan-tō-chhù teh kî-thāi lán Tâi-oân kàu-hōe ūi-tio̍h san-tē kang-chok hōng-hiàn 13 bān kho͘. Chhiáⁿ lín thòe goán tàu hōng-hiàn. Ká-sú chi̍t ê lâng chi̍t goe̍h ji̍t hōng-hiàn 3 kho͘, chi̍t ê hū-jîn-hōe nā ū 10 ê, chi̍t goe̍h ji̍t chiū ū 30 kho͘, choân séng nā ū 300 ê hū-jîn-hōe hoaⁿ-hí án-ni hōng-hiàn, chi̍t goe̍h ji̍t chiū ū 9000 kho͘. Múi goe̍h ji̍t nā ū 9000 kho͘ lâi ēng, m̄-chai lī-ek san-tē kàu-hōe jōa tōa!! Láu-si̍t kóng, hiān-chāi San-tē-chhù ê keng-chè chin khùn-lân, goán chin su-iàu lín múi chi̍t ūi ūi-tio̍h goán hōng-hiàn. M̄-bián siuⁿ chē, chi̍t ji̍t chi̍t kak, nā ē kè-sio̍k chiū hó.
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我ài懇請每一位敬愛ê姊妹，常常為山地教會ê長成祈禱；也繼續為著山地教會ê工作來奉獻。今年山地宣道處teh期待咱台灣教會為著山地工作奉獻13萬箍。請lín替阮鬥奉獻。假使一個人一月日奉獻3箍，一個婦人會若有10個，一月日就有30箍，全省若有300個婦人會歡喜án-ni奉獻，一月日就有9000 箍。每月日若有9000 箍來用，m̄知利益山地教會偌大！！老實講，現在山地處ê經濟真困難，阮真需要lín每一位為著阮奉獻。M̄免siuⁿ濟，一日一角，若會繼續就好。 |
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Góa chin ǹg-bāng múi chi̍t ê hū-jîn-hōe ē siat-hoat chi̍t ūi hū-chek-jîn lâi siu chí-mōe múi goe̍h-ji̍t ê hōng-hiàn, āu--lâi chiah kià lâi soaⁿ-tē-chhù. Nā beh kià chîⁿ ê sî, chhiáⁿ lí iōng “ōe-poah tû-kim Tâi-oân 7800 hō Tâi-oân Ki-tok Tiúⁿ-ló Kàu-hōe Chóng-hōe Soaⁿ-tē Soan-tō-chhù”. Án-ni tōa-tōa pài-thok.
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我真向望每一個婦人會會設法一位負責人來收姊妹每月日ê奉獻，後--來才寄來山地處。若beh寄錢ê時，請你用「劃撥儲金台灣7800號 台灣基督長老教會總會山地宣道處」。Án-ni大大拜託。 |
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(Lú-soan Ge̍h-khan Tē 18 kî, 1961 nî 6 ge̍h)
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﹝女宣月刊第18期，1961年6月﹞ |
