Thong-lō͘
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通路 |
| Tân Tek-hôa |
陳德樺 |
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Lán lóng chai-iáⁿ, chhài-se, kóe-chí siu-sêng liáu-āu, kè-siàu sī chhī-á hiah-ê hoàn-á teh koat-tēng, bô-lūn siau-hùi chhī-tiûⁿ kè-siàu án-chóaⁿ teh khí-lo̍h, lī-thâu lóng hō͘ khòng-ch3 “thong-lō͘” ê chhài-thâng báu-báu--khì.
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Lán lóng知iáⁿ, 菜se, 果子收成了後, 價siàu是市á hiah-ê販á teh決定, 無論消費市場價siàu án-chóaⁿ teh起落, 利頭lóng hō͘控制「通路」ê菜蟲báu-báu--去. |
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Ū chi̍t-ê pêng-iú chhù--ni̍h khui kang-tiûⁿ teh chò piáⁿ, tiāⁿ teh kóng in chit-má kap choh-sit-lâng kāng ūn-miā, kāng-khoán hō͘ “thong-lō͘” ah kah kiōng beh ai bē chhut-siaⁿ.
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有1 ê朋友厝--ni̍h開工場teh做餅, tiāⁿ teh講in chit-má kap choh-sit人kāng運命, kāng款hō͘「通路」ah kah kiōng beh哀bē出聲. |
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Sán-phín tàn-khì thoân-thóng thong-lō͘ , hō͘ tiong-pôaⁿ hoah kàu tēng-kè ê saⁿ-siâⁿ, seng-lí tō kóng ē sêng, nā hō͘ keng-siau-siong sī saⁿ-siâⁿ-gō͘. M̄-koh chit-má chhī-tiûⁿ hō͘ hiān-tāi-hòa ê liân-só thong-lō͘ chia̍h--khì, thoân-thóng thong-lō͘ kan-taⁿ chiàm saⁿ-siâⁿ khah ke. Thoân-thóng kam-á-tiàm piàⁿ bē kòe liân-só thong-lō͘ , iau-kiû ê lī-sûn thê-ko, hō͘ tiong-pôaⁿ kap keng-siau--ê ài ta̍h kàu saⁿ-siâⁿ-gō͘ kap sì-siâⁿ chiah chò ē sêng.
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產品tàn去傳統通路, hō͘中盤hoah到定價ê 3成, seng-lí tō講ē成, 若hō͘經銷商是3成5. M̄-koh chit-má市場hō͘現代化ê連鎖通路食--去, 傳統通路kan-taⁿ占3成khah ke. 傳統kam-á店拚bē過連鎖通路, 要求ê利sûn提高, hō͘中盤kap經銷--ê ài踏到3成5 kap 4成chiah做ē成. |
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Châi-thoân keng-êng ê hiān-tāi-hòa liân-só thong-lō͘ pun-chò chhiau-siong, chhiau-chhī kap tōa-bē-tiûⁿ saⁿ-chióng hē-thóng. Sán-phín nā beh tī chiah-ê thong-lō͘ bē, kè-siàu kap hō͘ keng-siau-siong--ê kāng-khoán sī sì-siâⁿ, m̄-koh ài koh lēng-gōa la̍p “mn̂g-phiò”----『上架費』.
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財團經營ê現代化連鎖通路pun做超商, 超市kap大賣場3種系統. 產品若beh tī chiah-ê通路賣, 價siàu kap hō͘經銷商--ê kāng款是4成, m̄-koh ài koh另外納「門票」──『上架費』. |
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Ta̍k-keng liân-só thong-lō͘ kong-si『上架費』kè-siàu bô-kâng, mn̂g-chhī jú chē--ê jú koân-kè. Khè-iok chi̍t-tang chhiam chi̍t-pái, ū--ê kui-tēng nā bô-kàu in tēng ê êng-gia̍p-gia̍h tio̍h-ài thè-hòe, ū--ê sī kāng-lūi siong-phín êng-gia̍p-gia̍h ê àu-bóe kúi-miâ ài thè-hòe, beh têng ji̍p-hòe ài koh chhiam-iok la̍p『上架費』; êng-gia̍p-gia̍h nā chhiau-kòe ī-tēng-liōng, nî-bóe ài la̍p “chióng-lē-kim”, “chióng-lē” thong-lō͘ gia̍p-chiá gâu kā lí bē sán-phín.
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Ta̍k間連鎖通路公司『上架費』價siàu無kâng, 門市jú chē--ê jú koân價. 契約1冬簽1 pái, 有--ê規定若無到in訂ê營業額tio̍h-ài退貨, 有--ê是kāng類商品營業額ê àu尾幾名ài退貨, beh重入貨ài koh簽約納『上架費』; 營業額若超過預定量, 年尾ài納「獎勵金」,「獎勵」通路業者gâu kā lí賣產品. |
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Thong-lō͘ kong-si ê gia̍p-bū koh ē put-sî chhōe seng-sán gia̍p-chiá pān sán-phín ê phah-chiat oa̍h-tāng, kiàm thàn--ê “thong-lō͘” bô beh hū-tam. Chhiūⁿ chi̍t-ap piáⁿ bē cha̍p-kho͘, thong-lō͘ beh thàn sì-kho͘, nā phah peh-chiat, bē peh-kho͘ in kāng-khoán beh thàn sì-kho͘, chi̍t-sián chi̍t-lî to bô beh kiám-siu, kaìm--ê chhiúⁿ-siong ka-tī ài khip-siu.
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通路公司ê業務koh ē不時chhōe生產業者辦產品ê phah折活動, 減thàn--ê「通路」無beh負擔. 像1盒餅賣10 kho͘, 通路beh thàn 4 kho͘, 若phah 8折, 賣8 kho͘ in kāng款beh thàn 4 kho͘, 1 sián 1 lî to無beh減收, 減--ê廠商ka-tī ài吸收. |
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Tōa-bē-tiûⁿ hē-thóng khui ê tiâu-kiāⁿ tō koh khah khok-hêng--a. Ū--ê ji̍p-hòe tio̍h-ài seng la̍p 200 bān. Tōa-bē-tiûⁿ nā beh khui sin-tiàm, ū ji̍p-hòe ê chhiúⁿ-siong ài chiàu êng-gia̍p-gia̍h pí-lē hū-tam hùi-iōng; nā beh î-siu iah hoan-siu, kāng-khoán khui-chhùi kā chhiúⁿ-siong thó, koh sī iû-chāi thong-lō͘ kong-si khui-kè, m̄-sī chiàu si̍t-chè khai-siau lâi pun-pheⁿ; sán-phín nā bē kah ū siau-lō͘, keh-tńg-nî chhiam sin-iok ê sî, ùi sì-siâⁿ piàn-chò beh ti̍h sì-siâⁿ-jī, sì-siâⁿ-saⁿ..., che mā-sī bô thang kóng-kè--ê, in kóng, mi̍h-kiāⁿ ū-siau sī in gâu bē, m̄-sī sán-phín hó-siau.
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大賣場系統開ê條件tō koh khah khok-hêng--a. 有--ê入貨tio̍h-ài先納200萬. 大賣場若beh開新店, 有入貨ê廠商ài照營業額比例負擔費用; 若beh維修iah翻修, kāng款開嘴kā廠商討, koh是由在通路公司開價, m̄是照實際開銷來pun-pheⁿ; 產品若賣kah有銷路, keh tńg年簽新約ê時, ùi 4成變做beh ti̍h 4成2, 4成3....., che mā是無thang講價--ê, in講, mi̍h件有銷是in gâu賣, m̄是產品好銷. |
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Seng-sán gia̍p-chiá ūi beh lī-iōng hong-piān ê liân-só thong-lō͘ phah chhī-tiûⁿ, kā thong-lō͘ kong-si jú chhī jú pûi, kàu-taⁿ soah tian-tò hō͘ thong-lō͘ chi̍p-thoân chia̍h-sí-sí.
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生產業者為beh利用方便ê連鎖通路phah市場, kā通路公司jú飼jú肥, 到taⁿ soah顛倒hō͘通路集團食死死. |
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Chit lō thong-lō͘ chiáng-ak seⁿ-sí ê chhu-sè, hō͘ seng-sán-chiá kù-chāi thong-lō͘ pak-siah, pek seng-sán-chiá ài it-ti̍t kā sêng-pún ah-kē, m̄-tāⁿ lô-tōng tiâu-kiāⁿ tiâu-kiāⁿ piàn-bái, goân-liāu ê sêng-pún mā tio̍h kàng-kē, sán-phín ê phín-chit tō oh iau-kiû--a. Kàu bóe--á tiong-sió khì-gia̍p jú lâi jú oh seng-chûn, keng-chè-koân ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á chi̍p-tiong tùi tōa-châi-thoân chhiú-thâu khì. Tû-khì lô-tōng sêng-pún, thong-lō͘ lóng-toān cheng-ka ê keng-êng sêng-pún, mā sī chō-chiâⁿ Tâi-oân tiong-sió khì-gia̍p koaiⁿ-mn̂g iah sī chhut-cháu ê tiōng-iàu goân-in.
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Chit lō通路掌握生死ê趨勢, hō͘生產者據在通路剝削, 逼生產者ài一直kā成本ah低, m̄-tāⁿ勞動條件變bái, 原料ê成本mā tio̍h降低, 產品ê品質tō oh要求--a. 到尾--á中小企業jú來jú oh生存, 經濟權ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á集中tùi大財團手頭去. 除去勞動成本, 通路壟斷增加ê經營成本, mā是造chiâⁿ台灣中小企業關門iah是出走ê重要原因. |
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Lán ê seng-oa̍h tùi chu-pún chú-gī chhī-tiûⁿ ūn-chok ê óa khò jú lâi jú chhim, nā bô beh hoán-séng chu-pún chú-gī ūn-chok ki-chè, kù-chāi i it-ti̍t ká--lo̍h-khì, lán chiong-kî-bóe ē hō͘ i kā kah bē tín bē tāng. Lán m̄-tāⁿ tī keng-ch3 siōng án-ne, chèng-tī, bûn-hòa, siā-hōe kok chân-bīn, mā ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á hō͘ thong-lō͘ khan leh kiâⁿ. Chèng-kheh kiông-tiau ài hù-ha̍p chú-liû kap bîn-ì, chú-liû sī kàu-io̍k, mûi-thé kap soan-thoân thong-lō͘ teh khòng-chè--ê, bîn-ì tō-sī khòng-ch3 thong-lō͘ --ê chè-chō--chhut-lâi-ê, kàu lō͘-bóe, kûn-chiòng soah kan-taⁿ sī tòe chèng-kheh kap mûi-thé ê kháu-hō teh khí-tâng.
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Lán ê生活對資本主義市場運作ê óa靠jú來jú深, 若無beh反省資本主義運作機制, 據在i一直ká--落-去, lán終其尾ē hō͘ i kā kah bē tín bē動. Lán m̄-tāⁿ tī經濟上án-ne, 政治, 文化, 社會各層面, mā ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á hō͘通路牽leh行. 政客強調ài符合主流kap民意, 主流是教育, 媒體kap宣傳通路teh控制--ê, 民意tō是控制通路--ê製造--出-來-ê, 到lō͘尾, 群眾soah kan-taⁿ是tòe政客kap媒體ê口號teh起tâng. |
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Beh kái-kek, beh thiau-chiàn chú-liû ê ūn-tōng--leh? Ūi beh ū “siau-lō͘” tio̍h-ài tiōng-sī “pau-chong” kap “hêng-siau”, liáu-āu ō tiâu tī “thong-lō͘” ê bāng-á lāi cháu bē chhut--lâi, koh jú liâu jú chhōe bô-lō͘, chiân-tê, goân-chek, li̍p-tiûⁿ kap hhe̍k-sim kè-ta̍t mā hō͘ “thong-lō͘” ê kui-hoān kap kui-chek lā kah bū-sà-sà, kàu siōng bóe--á, beh ‘chhui-siau” hō͘ kûn-chiòng ê hoān-sè m̄-sī pún-té ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ--a, kám m̄-sī--leh?
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Beh改革, beh挑戰主流ê運動--leh? 為beh有「銷路」tio̍h-ài重視「包裝」kap「行銷」, 了後tō tiâu tī「通路」ê網á內走bē出--來, koh jú liâu jú chhōe無路, 前提, 原則, 立場kap核心價值mā hō͘「通路」ê規範kap規則lā kah霧sà-sà, 到siōng尾--á, beh「推銷」hō͘--群眾-ê hoān-sè m̄是本底ê mi̍h件--a, kám m̄是--leh? |
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(TGB Thong-sìn tē 63 kî, 2004 nî 12 goe̍h)
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(TGB通訊第63期，2004年12月) |
