Ùi bó-gí ê ha̍k-si̍p kiàn-li̍p cho̍k-kûn ê chū-sìn-sim
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Ùi母語ê學習建立族群ê自信心 |
| Lâu Iong-eng |
劉庸英 |
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e̍k-siá
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譯寫 |
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Siong-sìn ū chiok chē lâng it-ti̍t lóng siūⁿ bōe-thong, ūi sím-mi̍h tio̍h ài lâi o̍h bó-gí--leh? Mā ū lâng kun-pún tio̍h m̄-bat siūⁿ-kòe ài ha̍k-si̍p bó-gí. Sīm-chì khòaⁿ-bōe-khí ka-kī ê bó-gí, te̍k-pia̍t sī siū-kòe ko-téng kàu-io̍k..ê, ū chit-khoán koan-liām ê lâng koh khah giâm-tiōng! Só͘-í tī Tâi-oân ê tha̍k-chheh-lâng, tùi i sin-sin khó͘-khó͘ só͘ o̍h--lâi ê "pa̍t-lâng ê gí-giân", lóng khah tiōng-sī. Phì-jū khòaⁿ-tāng "Hôa-gí", "Eng-gí", khòaⁿ-khin "A-niâ ê ōe". Só͘-í kin-á-ji̍t tī kàu-io̍k thé-hē lāi-té, ta̍k-ê piàⁿ-miā teh o̍h Hôa-gí, o̍h Eng-gí, o̍h Ji̍t-gí téng-téng. In-ūi o̍h che khah ū chúi-chún, mā khah ū chhut-lō͘. Tì-sú kin-á-ji̍t ū hoat-tō͘ iōng bó-gí chòe chú-thé-sèng lâi siōng-khò, ián-káng ê lâng, sòa pìⁿ-chiâⁿ chi̍t-chióng hi-hán ê tōng-bu̍t. Che ē-tàng hō͘ lán lâi chòe chi̍t-ê su-khó, nā sī chi̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn in tōa-to-sò͘ ê lâng lóng "bōe ài iōng", á-sī "bōe hiáu iōng" bó-gí, che kám ū khó-lêng pìⁿ-chiâⁿ chi̍t-ê ū chun-giâm, ū chū-chú ê cho̍k-kûn? Kin-á-ji̍t tī Tâi-oân ê 4 tōa cho̍k-kûn, in ê chun-giâm kap in só͘ sú-iōng bó-gí ê chêng-hêng, ū chin bi̍t-chhiat ê koan-hē. Phì-jū kóng, Tâi-oân ê Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k, pi-chhám kah hām chi̍t-kù in ê gí-giân lóng bô lâng teh kóng, só͘-í in ê chun-giâm chiū oân-choân phah bô--khì--lah. Í-sek-lia̍t chit-ê kok-ka ê lâng, in-ūi kā in ka-kī ê bó-gí pó-liû kah hó-sè liu-liu, sui-jiân in ê kok-ka bô tōa, m̄-kú in iáu-sī kòe kah chin ū chun-giâm.
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相信有足濟人一直攏想bōe通，為甚mi̍h tio̍h ài來學母語--leh？Mā有人根本著m̄-bat想過ài學習母語。甚至看bōe起家己ê母語，特別是受過高等教育..ê,有這款觀念ê人koh較嚴重！所以tī台灣ê讀冊人，tùi伊辛辛苦苦所學--來ê「別人ê語言」，攏較重視。譬如看重「華語」、「英語」，看輕「阿娘ê話」。所以今仔日tī教育體系內底，逐個拼命teh學華語、學英語、學日語等等。因為學che較有水準，mā較有出路。致使今仔日有法度用母語作主體性來上課、演講ê人，煞變成1種稀罕ê動物。Che會當hō͘咱來做1個思考，若是1個族群in大多數ê人攏「bōe ài用」，抑是「bōe曉用」母語，che kám 有可能變成1個有尊嚴、有自主ê族群？今仔日tī台灣ê 4大族群，in ê尊嚴kap in所使用母語ê情形，有真密切ê關係。譬如講，台灣ê平埔族，悲慘kah hām 1句in ê語言攏無人teh 講，所以in ê尊嚴就完全扑無去--lah。以色列這個國家ê人，因為kā in家己ê母語保留kah好勢liu-liu,雖然in ê國家無大，m̄-kú in iáu是過kah真有尊嚴。 |
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Lán lâi khòaⁿ kó͘-chá á-sī hiān-tāi Tâi-oân kap gōa-kok ê le̍k-sú, ū chi̍t ê chiok hó ê kiàn-chèng, chū-sī só͘-ū--ê thóng-tī-chiá, lóng sī siūⁿ chīn pān-hoat, beh kìm-chí siau-bia̍t pī-thóng-tī-chiá ê gí-giân. Lán nā lâi khòaⁿ hit-tong-sî "Phó͘-hoat Chiàn-cheng" liáu-āu, Prussia chiàm-léng Lo̍k-lîm, A-ní-sat-su, chiū chek-sî kìm-chí in kóng Hoat-gí, siong-sìn ta̍k-ê tùi "Chòe-āu-chi̍t-khò" ê bûn-chiuⁿ, lóng ū chin chhim ê ìn-siōng chiah tio̍h. Tâi-oân ê chêng-hêng mā sī kāng-khoán! Ji̍t-pún-lâng thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê sî, ūi beh thui-hêng "Hông-bîn-hòa Ūn-tōng", chek-ke̍k thui-hêng "Kok-gí Ka-têng", beh lâi siau-bia̍t Tâi-oân kok cho̍k-kûn ê bó-gí. Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, Kok-bîn-tóng lâi chiap-siu chèng-koân, mā-sī iōng kāng-khoán pō͘-sò͘ lâi thui-hêng "Kok-gí". Iōng hoa̍t-chîⁿ, kòa-káu-pâi téng-téng bû-só͘-put-chì ê chhiú-tōaⁿ, lâi kìm-chí kóng Tâi-oân bó-gí. Che sī chi̍t-chióng bô thiàⁿ-sim kap ok-to̍k ê chò-hoat. Thóng-tī-chiá ê bo̍k-tek, chiū-sī beh siau-bia̍t pī-thóng-tī-chiá ê bûn-hòa. In-ūi bó-gí sī chi̍t-ê cho̍k-kûn ê oa̍h-hòa-chio̍h. Só͘-í bó-gí it-tān siau-sit--khì, chit ê cho̍k-kûn tio̍h bōe kì-tit ka-kī ê kun-goân, sòng-sit jīn-tông kap kui-sio̍k-kám, án-ni chiū hong-piān pī lâng lâi thóng-tī--lah.
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咱來看古早抑是現代台灣kap外國ê歷史，有1個足好ê見證，就是所有--ê統治者，攏是想盡辦法，beh禁止消滅被統治者ê 語言。咱若來看hit當時「普法戰爭」了後，Prussia(普魯士）佔領洛林、亞爾薩斯，就即時禁止in講法語，相信逐個 tùi「最後1課」ê文章，攏有真深ê印象才著。台灣ê情形mā是共款！日本人統治台灣ê時，為beh推行「皇民化運動」，積極推行「國語家庭」，beh來消滅台灣各族群ê母語。大戰了後，國民黨來接收政權，mā是用共款步數來推行「國語」。用罰錢、掛狗牌等等無所不至ê手段，來禁止講台灣母語。Che是1種無疼心kap惡毒ê做法。統治者ê目的，就是beh消滅被統治者ê文化。因為母語是1個族群ê活化石。所以母語一旦消滅--去，這個族群著bōe記得家己ê根源，喪失認同kap歸屬感，án-ni就方便被人來統治--lah。 |
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Kó͘-kim Tâi-gōa tùi ka-kī bô sìn-sim ê cho̍k-kûn, in ê tha̍k-chheh-lâng kap tì-sek hūn-chú, lóng ē piàⁿ-miā khì o̍h pa̍t-lâng ê kiông-sè gí-giân. Phì-jū kóng, kòe-khì Lô-má ê tha̍k-chheh-lâng, piàⁿ-miā o̍h "Hi-lia̍p-bûn". Āu--lâi chiah tò-tńg--khì kiàn-li̍p "La-teng-bûn"(Latin) ê pún-chit kap chú-thé. Bûn-gē-ho̍k-heng sî-tāi, Ì-tāi-lī(Italy) ê bûn-jîn, piàⁿ-sè o̍h "La-teng-bûn", it-ti̍t kàu Làn-teh(Alighiere Donte 1265-1321) iōng ka-kī ê bó-gí Ì-tāi-lī-bûn chhòng-chok "Sîn-khiok"(Divine Comedy), chiah kiàn-li̍p Ì-tāi-lī-bûn ê chú-thé-sèng. Eng-gí ê miā-ūn mā sī kāng-khoán. 14 Sè-kí í-chêng ê Eng-kok-lâng, chū-jīn "Eng-gí" sī bô chúi-chún ê gí-giân, só͘-í piàⁿ-miā o̍h "Hoat-bûn" "La-teng-bûn". Ū chi̍t-ūi Eng-kok miâ kiò Hoâi-khek-lī-hu(Wycliffe 1382) thoân-kàu-sū, chiong La-teng-bûn Sèng-keng hoan-e̍k chòe Eng-gí, kiat-kó ín-khí Eng-kok kàu-hōe ê hùn-nō͘, pī koaiⁿ ji̍p kaⁿ-lô, sīm-chì āu--lâi hō͘ lâng pian-si ê chhi-chhám miā-ūn. Ji̍t-pún tī Bêng-tī-î-sin chìn-chêng, hit-sî ê tha̍k-chheh-lâng, phēng bô jīn-tông ka-kī ê "kha-nah". Hân-kok ê ha̍k-chiá, mā khòaⁿ bōe khí ka-kī ê "Gān-bûn", lóng piàⁿ-miā beh o̍h Hàn-bûn, án-ni chiah ē-tàng hián-sī ka-kī ê tōe-ūi. Chit-khoán ê hiān-siōng kap chit-má ê Tâi-oân-lâng chin kāng-khoán, lóng piàⁿ-miā teh sú-iōng in kám-kak khah ū chúi-chún ê "Hôa-bûn", "Eng-bûn". Che lóng sī chū-pi ê sim-thài. Chiàu gí-giân ha̍k-ka ê kóng-hoat, chi̍t ê lâng, ke bat chi̍t-chióng gí-giân, chiū ke chi̍t-lia̍p thâu-náu. Só͘-í, o̍h pa̍t-lâng ê gí-giân sī hó tāi-chì, sī ta̍t-tit kó͘-lē..ê. M̄-kú, chìn-chêng ū chi̍t ê chiok tiōng-iàu ê tiâu-kiāⁿ, chiū-sī ài tāi-seng ōe-hiáu "Chhùi kóng pē-bú-ōe, chhiú siá Tâi-oân-bûn". Iōng ka-kī ê bó-gí lâi o̍h pa̍t-lâng ê gí-giân; m̄-sī iōng o̍h--tio̍h ê "Pak-kiaⁿ-gí" koh lâi o̍h gōa-kok-gí, ke tńg chi̍t-liàn. Bo̍k-koài Tâi-oân-lâng o̍h gōa-kok-gí ke chiok sin-khó͘. Ōaⁿ chi̍t-kù-ōe lâi kóng, chiū-sī, iōng ka-kī ê bó-gí chòe chú-thé-sèng lâi o̍h gōa-kok-gí khah kín o̍h, khah hó o̍h. Lán nā ti̍t-chiap iōng Tâi-gí o̍h Ji̍t-bûn, lí ē-tàng hoat-hiān ū chiok chē beh-á-beh kāng ê só͘-chāi. Sīm-chì Eng-gí mā kāng-khoán; phì-jū the̍h--khì─take it, tńg─turn, ho͘─call, tīn─team, lō͘─road, sip─seep, hùi─fee, hia̍p─help, sio─sear; hō͘─for téng-téng. Chin-chiàⁿ sī ū chin-chē chhù-bī koh ē-tàng sio-thong..ê.
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古今台外tùi家己無信心ê族群，in ê讀冊人kap知識分子，攏會拼命去學別人ê強勢語言。譬如講：過去羅馬ê讀冊人，拼命學希臘文。後--來才倒轉去建立「拉丁文」ê本質kap主體。文藝復興時代，義大利ê文人，拼勢學「拉丁文」，一直到Làn-teh（Alighiere Donte 1265-1321）用家己ê母語義大利文創作「神曲」（Divine Comedy），才建立義大利文ê主體性。英語ê命運mā是共款。14世紀以前ê英國人，自認「英語」是無水準ê語言，所以拼命學「法文」、「拉丁文」。 有1位英國人名叫Hoâi-khek-lī-hu(Wycliffe 1382）傳教師，將拉丁文聖經翻譯做英語，結果引起英國教會ê憤怒，被關入監牢，甚至後--來hō͘人鞭屍ê淒慘命運。日本tī明治維新進前，hit時ê讀冊人，並無認同家己ê「kha-nah」（假名）。韓國ê學者，mā看bōe起家己ê「諺文」，攏拼命beh學漢文，án-ni才會當顯示家己ê地位。這款ê現象kap chit-má ê台灣人真共款，攏拼命teh使用in感覺較有水準ê「華文」、「英文」。 這攏是自卑ê心態。照語言學家ê講法，1個人，ke bat 1種語言，就ke 1粒頭腦。所以，學別人ê語言是好代誌，是值得鼓勵..ê。M̄-kú,進前有1個足重要ê條件，就是ài代先會曉「嘴講父母話，手寫台灣文」。用家己ê母語來學別人ê語言；m̄是用學--著ê「北京語」koh來學外國語，加轉 1 liàn。莫怪台灣人學外國語ke足辛苦。換1句話來講，就是：用家己ê母語作主體性來學外國語較緊學、較好學。咱若直接用台語學日文，你會當發現有足濟beh-á-beh共ê所在。甚至英語mā共款；譬如：提--去─take it、轉─turn、呼─call、陣─team、路─road、濕─seep、費─fee、協─help、燒─sear、予─for等等。真正是有真濟趣味koh會當相通..ê。 |
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Bó-gí tàu-té ū sím-mi̍h tiōng-iàu-sèng, ta̍t-tit lán tio̍h-ài hē-miā kā chhiúⁿ-kiù kap cháu-chhōe--leh? Tùi gí-giân ū ki-pún siông-sek ê lâng lóng chai-iáⁿ, "Bó-gí" put-tān sī chi̍t-chióng kau-thong ê kang-kū, iā sī chi̍t-chióng kám-chêng ê kau-liû, bûn-hòa ê tû-á, su-khó ê hong-sek, cho̍k-kûn ê hû-hō, piáu-ta̍t ê phiau-kì, koh khah tiōng-iàu..ê sī "chun-giâm ê î-hō͘" kap "chū-sìn-sim ê kiàn-li̍p". Só͘-í ū Tâi-oân ì-sek ê lâng, lóng siūⁿ chīn pān-hoat teh chhòng-chō bó-gí ê khoân-kéng, pau-koat "Gí-giân pêng-téng-koân" kap "Bó-gí kàu-io̍k koân" ê cheng-chhú. M̄-kú tn̂g-kî (1895-1996) siū gōa-lâi chèng-koân thóng-tī ê Tâi-oân-lâng, ū chin chē í-keng pìⁿ-chiâⁿ "bân-phôe sin-pū", tùi bó-gí ê sú-iōng lêng-le̍k iā í-keng sòng-sit, tī chai-bat siōng mā í-keng bâ-pì. Só͘-í jīn-ti kap koan-liām ê kái-piàn, chiâⁿ-chòe "Bó-gí" sī-m̄-sī ē-tàng tèng-kun kap seⁿ-thòaⁿ ê koan-kiān.
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母語到底有甚mi̍h重要性，值得咱著ài hē命kā搶救kap走chhōe--leh？Tùi語言有基本常識ê人攏知影：「母語」不但是1種溝通ê工具，也是1種感情ê交流、文化ê櫥仔、思考ê方式、族群ê符號、表達ê標記，koh較重要..ê是「尊嚴ê維護」kap「自信心ê建立」。所以有台灣意識ê人，攏想盡辦法teh創造母語ê環境，包括「語言平等權」kap「母語教育權」ê爭取。M̄-kú長期（1895－1996）受外來政權統治ê台灣人，有真濟已經變成「bân-phôe新婦」，tùi母語ê使用能力也已經喪失，tī chai-bat上mā已經麻痺。所以認知kap觀念ê改變，成做「母語」是m̄是會當釘根kap生湠ê關鍵。 |
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Ùi téng-bīn só͘ kí ê lē, hō͘ lán phó͘-phó͘-á chai-iáⁿ, bú-gí kap cho̍k-kûn chū-sìn-sim ê kiàn-li̍p ū chin tōa ê koan-laîn. Chit-má ē-tàng lâi chò chi̍t-ê kiat-lūn, nā-sī tng lán ê tì-sek hūn-chú kap tha̍k-chheh gín-á, lóng ē-hiáu “chhùi kóng ōe-bú-ōe, chhiú siá Tâi-oân-bûn” ê sî, tō-sī Tâi-oân-lâng “bûn-gē ho̍k-heng”, “Tâi-oân ì-sek”, “chun-giâm chū-chú” kap “kiàn-li̍p chū-sìn-sim” ê sî-ki kàu--lah.
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Ùi頂面所舉ê例，hō͘咱phó͘-phó͘-á知影，母語kap族群自信心ê建立有真大ê關聯。Chit-má會當來做1個結論，若是當咱ê知識分子kap讀冊囡仔，攏會曉「嘴講父母話，手寫台灣文」ê時，就是台灣人「文藝復興」、「台灣意識」、「尊嚴自主」kap「建立自信心」ê時機到--lah。 |
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(Tâi-oân-jī Cha̍p-chì tē 12 kî, 2002 nî 3 ge̍h)
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(台灣字雜誌第12期，2002年3月) |
