Gē-su̍t káng-tâi_Kiám-thó Tâi-oân Gē-su̍t ê Chú-thé-sèng
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藝術講台:檢討台灣藝術ê主體性 |
Bûn-eng |
文櫻 |
Papora Thiāu káng, Bûn-eng kì-lio̍k
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Papora Thiāu講,Bûn-eng 記錄 |
Lán chêng-pái kóng ki-pún ê gē-su̍t khài-liām, chit-pái beh thó-lūn..ê sī, lán Tâi-oân kiám ū gē-su̍t? Nā ū, siáⁿ-mi̍h sī Tâi-oân ê gē-su̍t? Tâi-oân ê gē-su̍t kiám ū chú-thé-sèng? Bī-lâi Tâi-oân ê gē-su̍t beh kiâⁿ hiòng tó-ūi khì--leh?
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咱前擺講基本ê藝術概念,這擺beh討論--ê是,咱台灣kiám有藝術?若有,啥mi̍h是台灣ê藝術?台灣ê藝術kiám有主體性?未來台灣ê藝術beh行向tó位去--leh? |
Lán ùi le̍k-sú hun 5-ê kai-tōaⁿ lâi-kóng:
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咱ùi歷史分5個階段來講: |
1. Chheng-tiâu thóng-tī Tâi-oân í-chêng, Tâi-oân ê gē-su̍t eng-kai tio̍h sī goân-chū-bîn ê gē-su̍t. Tī kok-cho̍k goân-chū-bîn tiong, khah ū gē-su̍t khì-bī..ê sī Pâi-oan-cho̍k. Pâi-oan-cho̍k ê tiau-khek sī siōng kia̍t-chhut..ê. M̄-kú, chit-chióng goân-chū-bîn ê gē-su̍t sī khah chiap-kīn goân-sú khì-bī..ê, kap si̍t-chè ê seng-oa̍h sio khan-liân. Chit-má seng-oa̍h hêng-thài iā lóng kái-piàn--ah, nā koh chò kap í-chêng sio-siāng ê chok-phín, chū-jiân sit-khì i piáu-hiān seng-oa̍h cheng-sîn ê ì-gī. Án-ne koh chò--chhut--lâi ê chok-phín sòa piàn-sêng kang-gē-phín, beh sǹg sī gē-su̍t-phín ū khah bián-kióng.
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1、清朝統治台灣以前,台灣ê藝術應該著是原住民ê藝術。Tī各族原住民中,較有藝術氣味--ê是排灣族。排灣族ê雕刻是上傑出--ê。M̄-kú,這種原住民ê藝術是較接近原始氣味--ê,kap實際ê生活相牽連。Chit-má生活形態也攏改變--ah,若koh做kap以前相像 ê作品,自然失去伊表現生活精神ê意義。Án-ne koh做--出-來ê作品續變成工藝品,beh算是藝術品有較勉強。 |
2. Chheng-tiâu thóng-tī Tâi-oân í-āu, ū chió-sò͘ ê bûn-jîn kap chò-koaⁿ..ê ū ōe chúi-ba̍k-ōe, che sī ùi Tiong-kok thoân--lo̍h--lâi..ê. M̄-kú, chit-chióng tô͘ gē-su̍t-sèng bô koân, jî-chhiáⁿ kiám ē-tit sǹg sī Tâi-oân ê gē-su̍t--leh?
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2、清朝統治台灣以後,有少數ê文人kap做官--ê有畫水墨畫,che是ùi中國傳--落-來..ê。M̄-kú,這種圖藝術性無懸,而且kiám會得算是台灣ê藝術--leh? |
3. Lán Tâi-oân khai-sí chiap-chhiok se-hong gē-su̍t khài-liām sī tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi. Ji̍t-pún-lâng khì Au-chiu liû-ha̍k, tńg--lâi liáu-āu chiah khan-kà Tâi-oân-lâng. In-ūi Tâi-oân-lâng só͘ chiap--tio̍h..ê sī keng-kòe Ji̍t-pún bûn-hòa ê pak-tn̂g tńg-se̍h--chhut--lâi ê Ìn-siōng-phài kap Iá-siù-phài, kán-tan kóng sī jī-chhiú-hòe. Chit-khoán tńg-se̍h ê lō͘-têng m̄-sī chin tiōng-iàu, khah tiōng-iàu..ê sī, chit-sî ê Tâi-oân ōe-ka pēng-bô siūⁿ beh cháu-chhōe hit-sî Au-chiu tú teh hoat-tián koh khah chiân-ūi ê gē-su̍t; chhin-chhiūⁿ Li̍p-thé-phài, Dada chú-gī, Thiu-siōng-chú-gī téng téng. Che pōe-āu ê in-sò͘ ū khó-lêng sī hit-sî Tâi-oân ê siā-hōe iáu-bōe sêng-se̍k kàu ē-tit chiap-siū ê thêng-tō͘. Ōe-ka nā kiâⁿ tī sî-tāi siuⁿ thâu-chêng, khióng-kiaⁿ bōe-tit oa̍h--lo̍h--khì.
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3、咱台灣開始接觸西方藝術概念是tī日本時代。日本人去歐洲留學,轉--來了後才牽教台灣人。因為台灣人所接著--ê是經過日本文化ê腹腸轉se̍h--出-來ê印象派ka野獸派,簡單講是二手貨。這款轉se̍h ê路程m̄是真重要,較重要--ê是,這時ê台灣畫家並無想beh走chhōe hit時歐洲tú teh發展koh較前衛ê藝術;親像立體派,達達主義,抽象主義等等。Che背後ê因素有可能是hit時台灣ê社會iáu-bōe成熟到會得接受ê程度。畫家若行tī時代siuⁿ頭前,恐驚bōe-tit活--落-去。 |
Hit-sî ê Tâi-oân sī Ji̍t-pún ê si̍t-bîn-tē, bô ka-kī ê chèng-tī tē-ūi. In-ūi chèng-tī ê in-sò͘, kā ōe-ka sok-pa̍k tiâu--leh, m̄-káⁿ ōe piáu-hiān gōa-bīn tōa khoân-kéng ê chhiong-tu̍t. M̄-kú Tâi-oân ōe-ka mā bô hiòng lāi-sim ê sè-kài thàm-thó. In só͘ ōe..ê, chú-iàu sī hong-kéng, hoe-chháu, jîn-bu̍t téng téng, piáu-hiān súi-súi ê thé-châi. Che chú-iàu sī hit tong-sî ê ōe-ka ūi beh phah chhut ka-kī jîn-seng ê lō͘, lóng ū kiōng-tông phah-piàⁿ ê hong-hiòng; jia̍t-lia̍t chham-ka Ji̍t-pún ê Tè-tián(帝展) kap Tâi-oân ê Tâi-tián(台展), tui-kiû ji̍p-soán chòe siōng koân bo̍k-phiau. Chit ê bo̍k-phiau chin bêng-khak, mā tī té-té ê sî-kan kó͘-lē chhut chi̍t-phit siàu-liân ê Tâi-oân-lâng kiâⁿ-ji̍p-khì ōe-tôaⁿ, kiàn-li̍p in ê miâ-siaⁿ, khak-li̍p in tī Tâi-oân ōe-tôaⁿ ê tē-ūi. Tùi lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê kak-tō͘ khòaⁿ, chit-ê ēng Ji̍t-pún bûn-hòa ê gán-kài kap koaⁿ-hong chú-tō ê sêng-kong bô͘-sek, ná chhin-chhiūⁿ tô͘ khì hō͘ kheng kheng-tiâu--leh kāng-khoán. Tâi-oân ōe-ka cháu-chhōe ka-kī ê lō͘, ēng Tâi-oân chò chú-thé ê khong-kan sòa iā án-ne sok kàu chin iú-hān. Sui-jiân chiah ê ōe-ka tī gē-su̍t siōng ê sêng-chiū bô sǹg chin koân, khiok ē-tit sǹg sī chin-chiàⁿ tāi-piáu Tâi-oân ê tē-it-tāi ōe-ka.
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Hit時ê台灣是日本ê殖民地,無家己ê政治地位。因為政治ê因素,kā畫家束縛tiâu--leh,m̄敢畫表現外面大環境ê衝突。M̄-kú台灣畫家mā無向內心ê世界探討。In所畫--ê,主要是風景、花草、人物等等,表現súi-súi ê體裁。Che主要是hit當時ê畫家為beh扑出家己人生ê路,攏有共同扑拚ê方向;熱烈參加日本ê帝展kap台灣ê台展,追求入選做上懸目標。這個目標真明確,mā tī短短ê時間鼓勵出一phit少年ê台灣人行入去畫壇,建立in ê名聲,確立in tī台灣畫壇ê地位。Tùi另外一個角度看,這個用日本文化ê眼界kap官方主導ê成功模式,那親像圖去hō͘框框tiâu--leh kāng款。台灣畫家走chhōe家己ê路,用台灣做主體ê空間續也án-ne束到真有限。雖然chiah ê畫家tī藝術上ê成就無算真懸,卻會得算是真正代表台灣ê第一代畫家。 |
4. Chiàn-āu, Tâi-oân koh ōaⁿ chi̍t-ê thóng-tī-chiá, Kok-bîn-tóng chèng-hú. Gē-tôaⁿ ê kè-ta̍t-koan mā chhin-chhiūⁿ hian-chheh án-ne, ōaⁿ lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê tô͘-bīn, Tiong-kok ê chúi-ba̍k-ōe. Chhú-tio̍h chit-chūn gē-tôaⁿ koân-ek ..ê, chú-iàu sī tòe Kok-bîn-tóng chèng-hú lâi ê Tiong-kok pó-siú-phài ōe-ka. Hit-sî ê siàu-liân-lâng, í gōa-séng-lâng ê chú-tē chò chú-thé, tōa siaⁿ hoah-chhut “se-hong ê Thiu-siōng chú-gī chiah sī chin-chiàⁿ khah hiān-tāi ê gē-su̍t.” Nn̄g-pêng sī chhá kah nāu-jia̍t kún-kún. Si̍t-chè-siōng, Tiong-kok ê chúi-ba̍k-ōe kap ēng hoah ê Thiu-siōng chú-gī, in kap Tâi-oân chit-tè thó͘-tē bô siáⁿ-mi̍h koan-hē, kiám ē-tit tāi-piáu Tâi-oân gē-su̍t--leh? Kóng tò tńg- -lâi, tī Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi Ǹg-chhut-thâu ê tē-it-tāi Tâi-oân ōe-ka, tī gē-tôaⁿ chū-jiân sī kan-ta khiā tī piⁿ..á ê hūn niā-niā, bô siū tiōng-sī. Tī chit-chióng “ji̍t-thâu chhiah-iāⁿ-iāⁿ,” koân-pà ê khì-hun kap ap-chè hā, it-ti̍t kàu 20 tang chêng chó-iū, pún-thó͘ ūn-tōng khai-sí í-āu chiah tùi in ū khah sin ê phêng-kè.
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4、戰後,台灣koh換一個統治者,國民黨政府。藝壇ê價值觀mā親像掀冊án-ne,換另外一個圖面,中國ê水墨畫。取著這陣藝壇權益--ê,主要是tòe國民黨政府來ê中國保守派畫家。Hit時ê少年人,以外省人ê子弟做主體,大聲喝出「西方ê抽象主義chiah是真正較現代ê藝術。」兩爿是吵kah鬧熱滾滾。實際上,中國ê水墨畫kap用喝ê抽象主義,in kap台灣這塊土地無啥mi̍h關係,kiám會得代表台灣藝術--leh?講倒轉--來,tī日本時代Ǹg出頭ê第一代台灣畫家,tī藝壇自然是kan-ta企tī邊--仔ê份niā-niā,無受重視。Tī這種「日頭赤iāⁿ-iāⁿ,」權霸ê氣氛kap壓制下,一直到20冬前左右,本土運動開始以後chiah tùi in有較新ê評價。 |
5. Chòe-kīn it, jī-cha̍p-tang lâi, Tâi-oân ū chē-chē ê ōe-ka liû-ha̍k koh tńg--lâi. Chiah ê āu-pòe ōe-ka ti̍t-chiap chiap-tio̍h se-hong chiân-ūi ê gē-su̍t. Beh án-chóaⁿ khip-siu se-hong gē-su̍t ê cheng-hôa, kha ta̍h Tâi-oân chit-tè thó͘-tē, kap Tâi-oân siā-hōe ê sim-chōng chò-hóe teh pho̍k-pho̍k-chhéng teh chhoán-khùi, chhòng-chō chhut ū Tâi-oân-bī, ū hiān-tāi-kám, ū chin kiông Tâi-oân te̍k-sek, chiū-sī ēng Tâi-oân chò chú-thé ê hiān-tāi gē-su̍t--leh?
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5、最近一、二十冬來,台灣有濟濟ê畫家留學koh轉--來。Chiah ê後輩畫家直接接著西方前衛ê藝術。Beh án-chóaⁿ吸收西方藝術ê精華,腳踏台灣這塊土地,kap台灣社會ê心臟做伙teh pho̍k-pho̍k-chhéng teh喘氣,創造出有台灣味、有現代感、有真強台灣特色,就是用台灣做主體ê現代藝術--leh? |
Sui-jiân Tâi-oân gē-su̍t sī m̄ sī ē-tit chiâⁿ-chò sè-kài ê chú-liû, che sī bô hoat-tō͘ ū-chhek ê tāi-chì. M̄-kú kiàn-li̍p ēng ka-kī chò-chú, ū ka-kī te̍k-sek ê gē-su̍t, kiám m̄ sī chò chi̍t-ê Tâi-oân gē-su̍t-ka ê chek-jīm? Kiám m̄ sī Tâi-oân gē-su̍t-ka ài kiâⁿ ê lō͘--leh?
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雖然台灣藝術是m̄是會得成做世界ê主流,che是無法度預測ê代誌。M̄-kú建立用家己做主,有家己特色ê藝術,kiám m̄是做一個台灣藝術家ê責任?Kiám m̄是台灣藝術家ài行ê路--leh? |
(Tâi-oân-jī Cha̍p-chì tē 5 kî, 2001 nî 1 goe̍h)
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(台灣字雜誌第5期,2001年1月) |