Kà Gōa-kok-lâng Tâi-gí ê Kám-sióng
|
教外國人台語ê感想 |
Ông Siok-chhiu |
王淑秋 |
Tâi-oân 400 nî lâi, keng-kòe Se-pan-gâ-lâng,Hô-lân-lâng, Ji̍t-pún-lâng, Kok-bîn-tóng Chèng-hú ê thóng-tī, bûn-hòa kap gí-giân ū siū tio̍h gōa-lâi chèng-koân ê éng-hióng, te̍k-pia̍t sī kīn chi̍t-pah nî lâi, Tâi-oân tī Ji̍t-pún Chèng-hú kap Kok-bîn-tóng Chèng-hú ê thóng-tī chi-hā, Tâi-gí m̄-nā siū tio̍h éng-hióng, koh siū tio̍h tá-ap. Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi ēng Ji̍t-pún-ōe chò koaⁿ-hong ê gí-giân. Ha̍k-hāu ê kàu-io̍k ēng Ji̍t-pún-ōe chò-chú. Kàu Kok-bîn-tóng sî-tāi, koaⁿ-hong gí-giân kap ha̍k-hāu kàu-io̍k mā ēng Pak-kiaⁿ-gí chò-chú. Tâi-gí kan-ta sī ka-têng pē-kiáⁿ, bú-kiáⁿ ê kau-thong gí-giân kap siong-tiûⁿ bé-bē ê kang-kū nā-tiāⁿ.
|
台灣400年來,經過西班牙語、荷蘭人、日本人、國民黨政府ê統治,文化kap語言有受著外來政權ê影響,特別是近一百年來,台灣tī日本政府kap國民黨政府ê統治之下,台語m̄若受著影響,koh受著打壓。日本時代用日本話做官方ê語言。學校ê教育用日本話做主。到國民黨時代,官方語言kap學校教育mā用北京語做主。台語kan-ta是家庭父子、母子ê溝通語言kap商場買賣ê工具nā-tiāⁿ。 |
Chit kúi-nî lâi, pún-thó͘ ì-sek ê kak-chhéⁿ, Tâi-gí chiah chiām-chiām khah siū tiōng-sī, m̄-nā gōa-kok-lâng lâi Tâi-oân siūⁿ beh o̍h Tâi-gí. Liân kong-si teng-kiû jîn-châi mā iàu-kiû ài ē-hiáu kóng Tâi-gí. Tâi-gí kèng-jiân chiâⁿ-chò kiû-chit ê pit-su ê tiâu-kiāⁿ chi-it. Sīm-chí bē-hiáu Tâi-gí ê ha̍k-hāu lāu-su (gōa-séng tē-jī-tāi) mā lâi o̍h Tâi-gí. In ê bo̍k-tek sī beh kap ha̍k-seng kau-thong. Che kap hit tong-sî tī ha̍k-hāu kóng Tâi-gí hō͘ lâng tá-ap ê chêng-hêng lâi pí, chin-chiàⁿ sī bô kāng-khoán.
|
這幾年來,本土意識ê覺醒,台語才漸漸較受重視,m̄但外國人來台灣想beh學台語。連公司徵求人才mā要求ài會曉講台語。台語竟然成做求職ê必須ê條件之一。甚至bē曉台語ê學校老師(外省第二代)mā來學台語。In ê目的是beh kap學生溝通。Che kap hit當時tī學校講台語hō͘人打壓ê情形來比,真正是無共款。 |
In-ūi Tâi-gí tn̂g-kî siū tio̍h tá-ap, chá-kî gián-kiù Tâi-gí bûn-ha̍k ê lâng, chá tō bô-tī sè-kan--lah. Āu-kî ū sim beh gián-kiù Tâi-gí Bûn-jī, Bûn-ha̍k ê lâng, in-ūi siū tio̍h gōa-cho̍k ê thóng-tī, chi̍t-kóa ha̍k-chiá, choan-ka mā m̄-káⁿ siuⁿ bêng-hián ê gián-kiù. Kan-ta ēng su-jîn ê hèng-chhù siu-chi̍p chêng-jîn lâu--lo̍h--lâi ê chu-liāu koh chéng-lí--chi̍t--ê, ke kò-jîn ê koan-tiám.
|
因為台語長期受著打壓,早期研究台語文學ê人,早tō無tī世間--lah。後期有心beh研究台語文字,文學ê人,因為受著外族ê統治,一寡學者,專家mā m̄敢siuⁿ明顯ê研究。Kan-ta用私人ê興趣收集前人留--落-來ê資料koh整理--一-個,加個人ê觀點。 |
Só͘-í tī bo̍k-chêng chiâⁿ-chò chin chē phài-hē. Chèng-hú iáu bô siūⁿ beh tòa tāi-ha̍k siat Tâi-oân Bûn-ha̍k-hē, thóng-it kok ha̍k-chiá, choan-ka ê koan-tiám kap khòaⁿ-hoat. Só͘-í tī it-poaⁿ-lâng ê koan-liām--ni̍h, Tâi-gí kan-ta ū im bô jī. Sī tī a-bú ê sin-piⁿ o̍h--tio̍h..ê. Bo̍k-koài pêng-iú nā mn̄g góa tī tó-ūi kang-chok. Góa ìn kóng tī "Tiong-hôa Gí-bûn Gián-si̍p Tiong-sim" kà gōa-kok-á kóng Tâi-gí. In lóng chin kî-koài ê piáu-chêng kóng "Tâi-gí beh àn-chóaⁿ kà?”
|
所以tī目前成做真濟派系。政府iáu無想beh tòa大學設台灣文學系,統一各學者,專家ê觀點kap看法。所以tī一般人ê觀念--ni̍h,台語kan-ta有音無字。是tī阿母ê身邊學--著..ê。莫怪朋友若問我tī tó位工作。我應講tī「中華語文研習中心」教外國仔講台語。In攏真奇怪ê表情講「台語beh àn-chóaⁿ教?」 |
Che iā bo̍k-koài--lah. Tī Tâi-oân tōa-hàn, siū kàu-io̍k ê lâng, tī ha̍k-hāu só͘ o̍h--ê sī Pak-kiaⁿ-ōe. Ōe-tit-thang ēng ㄅㄆㄇㄈ o̍h, ōe-tit-thang ēng hàn-jī o̍h. M̄-kú Tâi-gí--leh? Tâi-gí tī Tâi-oân K.M.T.(Kok-bîn-tóng) kóng sī "hong-giân" sī pē-bú-ōe, sī tī a-bú ê sin-piⁿ o̍h--tio̍h--ê. Ha̍k-hāu bô chit-khoán khò-têng. It-poaⁿ-lâng tùi "kà gōa-kok-lâng kóng Tâi-gí", chit ê khang-khòe ê hoán-èng sī kám-kak chin kî-koài koh chin chhù-bī.
|
Che也莫怪--lah。Tī台灣大漢,受教育ê人,tī學校所學--ê是北京話。會得thang用ㄅㄆㄇㄈ學,會得thang用漢字學。M̄-kú台語--leh?台語tī台灣 K.M.T.(國民黨)講是「方言」是父母話,是tī阿母ê身邊學--著-ê。學校無這款課程。一般人tùi「教外國人講台語」,這個工課ê反應是感覺真奇怪koh真趣味。 |
O̍h Tâi-gí ê gōa-kok jîn-sū, ōe-tit-thang hun Tang-A jîn-sū (ū siū hàn-bûn-hòa éng-hióng, bat Hàn-jī) chhin-chhiūⁿ Ji̍t-pún-lâng, Hân-kok-lâng, Hiong-káng-lâng. Au-Bí jîn-sū, oân-choân m̄-bat Hàn-jī. In-ūi Tâi-gí hoat-im bē-tit-thang ēng ㄅㄆㄇㄈo̍h, bē tit thang ēng Hàn-jī o̍h, só͘-í hoat-im ê kai-tōaⁿ, goán it-lu̍t chhái-iōng "Tâi-Lô" (a.k.a. Kàu-hōe Pe̍h-ōe-jī, iā chiū-sī Tâi-oân-jī) kà. Án-ne goán hoat-kiàn Au-Bí jîn-sū o̍h--khí--lâi khah khoài, (peh-im kap piàn-im bô kóng). Tang-A ha̍k-seng iōng Tâi-Lô o̍h, hoán-èng khah bān. Ū-sî chhin-chhiūⁿ ū chhò-chek-kám, kàu tē-jī kai-tōaⁿ, khai-sí o̍h seng-oa̍h hōe-ōe ê sî, ū N̄g-chióng kàu-chhâi; chi̍t-chióng sī Tâi-Lô kap Eng-bûn tùi-chiàu..ê, sī hō͘ Au-Bí jîn-sū o̍h..ê. Lēng-gōa chi̍t-chióng sī Tâi-Lô kap Hàn-jī tùi-chiàu..ê, sī hō͘ ū Hàn-jī ki-chhó͘ ê gōa-chek jîn-sū kap gōa-séng-lâng o̍h--ê. Chit N̄g-khoán bûn-hòa pōe-kéng oân-choân bô kāng ê lâng o̍h Tâi-gí, iōng Tâi-Lô o̍h ê Au-Bí jîn-sū, khah khoài chiap-siū. Goán hō͘ in peh-im kap piàn-im ê goân-chek, chiū ē-tit-thang kóng kàu chin sūn. Tian-tò ū Hàn-jī ki-chhó͘ ê lâng bē koàn-sì khòaⁿ Tâi-Lô, óng-óng ài chioh Hàn-jī lâi pōe Tâi-gí ê hoat-im. Chit-khoán o̍h-hoat chiū khah khùn-lân. Jî-chhiáⁿ Tâi-gí Hàn-jī iáu-bōe phiau-chún-hòa, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ Tâi-gí Hàn-jī kap Pak-kiaⁿ-gí Hàn-jī lām chò-hóe, éng-hióng ha̍k-si̍p hāu-lu̍t, chhin-chhiūⁿ kóng: Tâi-gí kóng "kiâⁿ" sī Pak-kiaⁿ-gí "走" ê ì-sù, m̄-kú Tâi-gí Hàn-jī siá "行". Nā-sī Tâi-gí Hàn-jī "走" sī cháu ê ì-sù, á-sī lī-khui ê ì-sù. Jî-chhiáⁿ Hàn-jī nā ēng Tâi-gí lâi tha̍k, ū-sî ū N̄g-khoán ê hoat-im. Chi̍t-khoán sī "tho̍k-im". Lēng-gōa chi̍t-khoán sī "ōe-im". Phì-jû kóng "tho̍k-bu̍t cheng-soán" kap "tha̍k chheh " kāng khoán siá "讀" jī, m̄-kú hoat-im bô kāng-khoán, "tāi ha̍k" kap "o̍h Tâi-gí" kāng-khoán siá "學" jī, hoat-im mā bô kāng-khoán. Tāi-jîn" kap "tōa-lâng" kāng-khoán siá "大" jī, m̄-nā hoat-im bô kāng, ì-sù iā oân-choân bô kāng. Hoat "tho̍k-im" ê sî, sī koān-koaⁿ, kéng-chhat ê ì-sù. Hoat "ōe-im" ê sî sī sêng-jîn ê ì-sù. Au-Bí ê ha̍k-seng (thoân-kàu-su) o̍h kàu bó͘-chi̍t-ê kai-tōaⁿ ê Tâi-gí, ē o̍h chi̍t kóa Hàn-jī, che kap o̍h Pak-kiaⁿ-gí ê ha̍k-seng o̍h Hàn-jī lâi pí, ke chiok khùn-lân. In-ūi Tâi-gí ê ha̍k-seng ài ke pōe chi̍t-chióng hoat-im. Í-chêng lâi Tâi-oân o̍h Tâi-gí ê ha̍k-seng tōa-pō͘-hūn sī thoân-kàu-su khah chē. Só͘-í tû-liáu o̍h it-poaⁿ ê ōe í-gōa, koh ài o̍h chong-kàu ê khò-têng. Che tùi it-poaⁿ ê lâng lâi kóng sī khah bô sek-ha̍p. Tùi siūⁿ beh kè-sio̍k o̍h Tâi-gí ê lâng lâi kóng ū hoat-seng kàu-chhâi ê khiàm-khoeh kap tn̄g-chām. Án-ne ê sî, goán lóng kó͘-lē ha̍k-seng kau Tâi-oân pêng-iú, khah chia̍p thiaⁿ La-jí-o͘h, khah chia̍p khòaⁿ Tiān-sī--leh. M̄-kú tàu-té iā-sī iú-hān. In-ūi Tâi-gí chiat-bo̍k pit-kèng iáu bô chin chē.
|
學台語ê外國人士,會得thang分東亞人士(有受漢文化影響,bat漢字)親像日本人、韓國人、香港人。歐美人士,完全m̄-bat漢字。因為台語發音bē得thang用ㄅㄆㄇㄈ學,bē得thang用漢字學,所以發音ê階段,阮一律採用「台羅」(A.k.a. 教會白話字,也就是台灣字)教。Án-ne阮發見歐美人士學--起-來較快,(八音kap變音無講)。東亞學生用台羅學,反應較慢。有時親像有挫折感,到第二階段,開始學生活會話ê時,有兩種教材;一種是台羅kap英文對照--ê,是hō͘歐美人士學--ê。另外一種是台羅kap漢字對照--ê,是hō͘有漢字基礎ê外籍人士kap外省人學--ê。這兩款文化背景完全無共ê人學台語,用台羅學ê歐美人士,較快接受。阮hō͘ in八音kap變音ê原則,就會得thang講到真順。顛倒有漢字基礎ê人bē慣勢看台羅,往往ài借漢字來背台語ê發音。這款學法就較困難。而且台語漢字iáu-bōe標準化,定定台語漢字kap北京語漢字lām做伙,影響學習效率,親像講,台語講「行」是北京語「走」ê意思,m̄-kú台語漢字寫「行」。若是台語漢字「走」是走ê意思,抑是離開ê意思。而且漢字若用台語來讀,有時有兩款ê發音。一款是「讀音」。另外一款是「話音」。譬如講「讀物精選」kap「讀冊」共款寫「讀」字,m̄-kú發音無共款,「大學」kap「學台語」共款寫「學」字,發音mā無共款。「大人」kap「大人」共款寫「大」字,m̄但發音無共,意思也完全無共。發「讀音」ê 時,是縣官、警察ê意思。發「話音」ê 時是成人ê意思。歐美ê學生(傳教師)學到某一個階段ê台語,會學一寡漢字,che kap學北京語ê學生學漢字來比,加足困難。因為台語ê學生ài加背一種發音。以前來台灣學台語ê學生大部份是傳教師較濟。所以除了學一般ê話以外,koh ài學宗教ê課程。Che tùi一般ê人來講是較無適合。Tùi想beh繼續學台語ê人來講有發生教材ê欠缺kap斷層。Án-ne ê時,阮攏鼓勵學生交台灣朋友,較捷聽La-jí-o͘h,較捷看電視--leh。M̄-kú到底也是有限。因為台語節目畢竟iáu無真濟。 |
Tâi-oân kap Ji̍t-pún ê iân-kò͘ ū 50 nî kú. Gí-giân kap bûn-hòa iā ke-kiám siū éng-hióng. Bo̍k-chêng chi̍t-kóa khah chē hòe ê Tâi-oân-lâng só͘ kóng ê Tâi-gí iáu tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iân-iōng Ji̍t-pún ê Hàn-jī. Chhin-chhiūⁿ "piān-tong", "li̍p-tiûⁿ", "to͘-ha̍p", "chhut-tiuⁿ" mā ū the̍h chi̍t-kóa Ji̍t-pún ê gōa-lâi-gí chiâⁿ-chò ka-kī ê gí-giân. Chhin-chhiūⁿ "la-jí-o͘h", "o͘-tó͘-bái", "a-phah-to͘h". Tâi-gí kap Pak-kiaⁿ-gí ê koan-hē mā chin chhim. Tâi-gí ê tò-péng chiâⁿ-chò Pak-kiaⁿ-gí ê ì-sù, chhin-chhiūⁿ "lâng-kheh" sī "客人" ê ì-sù. "Hong-thai" sī "颱風" ê ì-sù. "Siāu-kài" sī "介紹" ê ì-sù. "Í-toh" sī "桌椅" ê ì-sù, "chhùn-chhioh" sī "尺寸" ê ì-sù, chin chē--lah.
|
台灣kap日本ê緣故有50年久。語言kap文化也加減受影響。目前一寡較濟歲ê台灣人所講ê台語iáu定定用日本ê漢字。親像「便當」、「立場」、「都合」、「出張」mā有提一寡日本ê外來語成做家己ê語言。親像「La-jí-o͘h」,「O͘-tó͘-bái」,「A-phah-to͘h」。台語kap北京語ê關係mā真深。台語ê倒反成做北京語ê意思,親像「人客」是「客人」ê 意思。「風颱」是「颱風」ê 意思「紹介」是「介紹」ê 意思。「椅桌」是「桌椅」ê 意思「寸尺」是「尺寸」ê 意思,真濟--lah。 |
Kà Tâi-gí chìn-chêng, góa m̄ chai-iáⁿ Tâi-gí ū peh-im. Mā m̄ chai-iáⁿ ài piàn-im. Kan-ta chai-iáⁿ sī Ma-ma kà--góa--ê, bô iōng Hàn-jī kà, mā bô iōng Lô-má-jī kà. Chit-má tī Tâi-oân chin chē ka-tiúⁿ ū chi̍t-chióng bô chèng-siông ê sim-thài. Tī chhù--ni̍h ji̍t-siông seng-oa̍h kap gín-á kóng-ōe ê sî khui-chhùi ha̍p-chhùi lóng sī Pak-kiaⁿ-gí. Che pēng m̄-sī pâi-thek kóng Pak-kiaⁿ-gí. Sī in-ūi án-ne, pē-bú-ōe sòa chiām-chiām teh siau-sit. Ū ê koh kip teh sàng gín-á khì o̍h Eng-gí. Tī Tâi-oân, góa siūⁿ o̍h gōa-gí bô sím-mi̍h hāu, in-ūi bô khoân-kéng.
|
教台語進前,我m̄知影台語有八音。Mā m̄知影ài變音。Kan-ta知影是媽媽教--我-ê,無用漢字教,mā無用羅馬字教。Chit-má tī台灣真濟家長有一種無正常ê心態。Tī厝--ni̍h日常生活kap囡仔講話ê時開嘴合嘴攏是北京語。Che並m̄是排斥講北京語。是因為án-ne,父母話續漸漸teh消失。有--ê koh急teh送囡仔去學英語。Tī台灣,我想學外語無甚mi̍h效,因為無環境。 |
Sì-cha̍p kúi nî lâi, Tâi-oân tī chèng-hú tāi-le̍k thui-hêng kóng Pak-kiaⁿ-gí chèng-chhek ê kàu-io̍k ê ē-bīn, ē-hiáu kóng Pak-kiaⁿ-gí ê lâng, í-keng chin phó͘-phiàn. M̄-kú ū chi̍t-hó to bô N̄g-hó. Pē-bú-ōe chiām-chiām teh siau-sit. Só͘-í góa hi-bāng chèng-hú ē-tàng kó͘-lē kóng pē-bú-ōe. Chhin-chhiūⁿ hit tong-sî teh thui-hêng Pak-kiaⁿ-gí kāng-khoán. M̄-nā sī Tâi-gí, Kheh-ōe, Goân-chū-bîn-ōe mā kāng-khoán. In-ūi pit-kèng gí-giân sī bûn-hòa ê kin, gí-giân nā bô, bûn-hòa chiū ē siau-sit. Gí-giân ê thoân-sio̍k sī pó-chûn bûn-hòa ê ki-pún iàu-kiāⁿ.
|
四十幾年來,台灣tī政府大力推行講北京語政策ê教育ê下面,會曉講北京語ê人,已經真普遍。M̄-kú有一好都無兩好。父母話漸漸teh消失。所以我希望政府會當鼓勵講父母話。親像hit當時teh推行北京語共款。M̄若是台語、客話、原住民話mā 共款。因為畢竟語言是文化ê根,語言若無,文化就會消失。語言ê傳續是保存文化ê基本要件。 |
(Tâi-oân-jī Cha̍p-chì tē 3 kî, 2000 nî 9 ge̍h)
|
(台灣字雜誌第3期,2000年9月) |