Sè-kàibô-lūnsímmi̍hbîn-cho̍klóngpîⁿ-pîⁿhoaⁿ-hísin-nîêgôan-tàn. Sin-nîchi̍t-ēkàu, lóngēnginta̍kkok, ta̍kbîncho̍kêlé-sò͘kaphong-sio̍klâikhèng-chiokhoaⁿ-hí.
|
世界無論什麼民族lóng平平歡喜新年ê元旦。新年一下到，lóng用in逐國，逐民族ê禮數kap風俗來慶祝歡喜。 |
|
Ji̍t-chèngsî-tāisiūJi̍t-púnêèng-hióng, khahchēchiàuJi̍t-púnêhong-sio̍ksiúsin-le̍kêsin-nî, chhahchhêng-mn̂g, chhêng, tek, môe, katchháu-soh, chia̍hmôa-chî. Kong-ho̍kāuchiūkohho̍k-tòkó͘-cháêhong-sio̍k. Só͘ūikó͘-cháêhong-sio̍k, chiū-sītùiBân-lâmChiang, Chôansó͘thôan-lâiêhong-sio̍k. Tīchiachí-ūthê-khíhiān-sîtīsin-nîkhahūtehliû-hêngêkúihānghong-sio̍k, te̍k-pia̍ttùiSèng-kàuêli̍p-tiûⁿlâikhòaⁿsó͘tio̍hchù-ì--êlâigián-kiùchiūhó.
|
日政時代受日本ê影響，較濟照日本ê風俗守新曆ê新年，插榕門，榕，竹，梅，結草索，食麻糬。光復後就koh復倒古早ê風俗。所謂古早ê風俗，就是對閩南漳泉，所傳來ê風俗。Tī chia只有提起現時tī新年khah有teh流行ê幾項風俗，特別對聖教ê立場來看所著注意ê來研究就好。 |
|
(1) Chhun-liân(á-sīkóngmn̂g-liân)
|
(1)春聯(抑是講門聯) |
|
Nî-bóesîóa12goe̍h24, 5khí, ke-bīnchiūūkhòaⁿ-tio̍hlângsiáchhun-liântehbē. Chhun-liânchiū-sīēngâng-chóaliâu-á siáhó-ōetahtīmn̂g-bâikapmn̂g-khiāêliân-tùi, chi̍tnîōaⁿchi̍tpái. Só͘siáêbûn-kùsīchiàuhitkeêchit-gia̍p, tiàm-hō, sui-jiânkokbôsaⁿ-tâng, chóng-sīlóngsīhó-ōeêtùi-kú. Chhin-chhiūⁿ: Pek-liânthian-tēhôegôan-khì, it-thóngsan-hôchèthâi-pêng.
|
年尾時倚12月24，5起，街面就有看著人寫春聯teh賣。春聯就是用紅紙寫好話貼tī門楣kap門徛ê聯對，一年換一擺。所寫ê文句是照hit家ê職業，店號，雖然各無相同，總是lóng是好話ê對句。親像：百年天地迴元氣，一統山河際太平。 |
Á-sīchhin-chhiūⁿseng-lílâng: Pek-hòehong-hêngchâi-chèngjū, bān-siongûn-chi̍pchhī-senghoan
|
抑是親像生理人：百貨風行財政裕萬商雲集市聲歡 |
|
Ūsîchí-ūsiáchi̍tjī, chhin-chhiūⁿChhun, Hok, Lo̍k, Siū, téng, tahtīkūi-téng, siuⁿ-téng, á-sīthang-á-téng. Á-sīsiáchi̍tkùLio̍k-thiokheng-ōngtahtīti-tiâu, gû-tiâuá-sīke-tiâu.
|
有時只有寫一字，親像春，福，祿，壽，等，貼tī櫃頂，箱頂，抑是窗仔頂。抑是寫一句六畜興旺貼tī豬稠，牛稠抑是雞稠。 |
|
Hitkháu-chàunāūsī-tōa-lângkòe-sin, 3nîí-lāim̄-thangtahâng-chóa, tio̍htahchheⁿ--ê, á-sīn̂g--ê. Sí-khìêlângnā-sīta-po͘--ê, chiūtio̍htahchheⁿ--ê; cha-bó͘--êtio̍htahn̂g--ê. Chhin-chhiūⁿ: Siúhàput-tihông-ji̍tsiōng, su-chhinîliāmpe̍k-ûnpui.
|
Hit口灶若有序大人過身，3年以內m̄-thang貼紅紙，著貼青ê，抑是黃ê。死去ê人若是查甫ê，就著貼青ê；查某ê著貼黃ê。親像：守孝不知紅日上，思親惟念白雲飛。 |
|
Á-sī: Sīnchiongsuchīnsamliânlé, tuióantongchûnit-phiànsim.
|
抑是：慎終須盡三年禮，追遠當存一片心。 |
|
Síliáu-āunāiáu-bōebâi-chòngchiūm̄-biánōaⁿchhun-liân, chí-ūēngtn̂g-tn̂gêpe̍h-chóakô͘tīkūêmn̂g-liânchiūhó.
|
死了後若猶未埋葬就m̄免換春聯，只有用長長ê白紙糊tī舊ê門聯就好。 |
|
Iû-lâi
|
由來 |
|
Sè-sio̍kliû-thôankóng, chhun-liânêgôan-lâisīthô-hû() á-sīkóngthô-pán(). Khòaⁿ“Keng-chhó͘” () êké-soehkóng: Bûn-pôngsiatlióng-pán, íthô-bo̍kûichi, jîōaSîn-tô͘Ut-lúisiōng, íapsiâ, ūichithô-hû.
|
世俗流傳講，春聯ê原來是桃符()抑是講桃板()。看「荊楚()」ê 解說講：門旁設兩板，以桃木為之，而畵神茶鬱壘像，以壓邪，謂之桃符。 |
|
Ì-súsīkóng, ēngthô-áchhâchònn̄gtèpang-á, ōeSîn-tô͘Ut-lúiêsiōngtiàutīthiaⁿ-mn̂gêlióng-pêngpiⁿ, tehchòphek-siâêlō͘-ēng.
|
意思是講，用桃仔柴做兩塊板仔，畫神荼鬱壘ê像吊tī廳門ê兩爿邊，teh做僻邪ê路用。 |
Chhâ-khóténg-bīnsó͘kóng-êSîn-tô͘Ut-lúisīsím-mi̍h? Hàn-tiâu() ChhòaIong() ūsiáchi̍tpúnchhehkiò-chò“To̍k-tòan” (), lāi-bīnūkóng:
|
查考頂面所講ê神荼鬱壘是什麼？漢朝()蔡邕()有寫一本冊叫做「獨斷」()，內面有講： |
|
Hái-tiongiúTō͘-sok(sek) san, Siō͘ng iú thô-bo̍k, Phoan-khutsam-chhianlí, piki, Tong-pokiúkúi-bûn, Bānkúisó͘chhut-ji̍piá, Sîn-tô͘Ut-lúikukîbûn, Chú-léngiatchu-kúi, kîok-hāichikúi, Chipíúi seksū-hó͘.
|
海中有度朔(索)山，上有桃木，幡屈三千里，卑枝，東北有鬼門，萬鬼所出入也，神茶鬱壘居其門，主領閱諸鬼，其惡害之鬼，執以葦索食虎。 |
|
Ì-sùsīkóng, “Kó͘-cháhái-ni̍hūchi̍têsoaⁿkiò-chòTō͘-soksoaⁿ(á-sīkóngTō͘-seksoaⁿ). Soaⁿ-téngūchi̍tchângthô-áchhiū, chhiū-kibôlōabō͘-sēng, chóng-sīoan-oankhiau-khiausoankàu3chhenglí. Tang-pakpêngūchi̍têkúi-mn̂g, chèng kúilóngtùichitêmn̂gtehchhut-ji̍p. Ūnn̄gêkúi-sîn, miâSîn-tô͘kapUt-lúi, khiātīhitêmn̂g-ni̍htehkiám-iathiah-êchhut-ji̍pêkúi. Nākhòaⁿ-tio̍hpháiⁿ-kúichiūēngsoh-ákāpa̍k, sòahiathōhó͘chia̍h.
|
意思是講，「古早海裡有一個山叫做度束山(抑是講度索山)。山頂有一欉桃仔樹，樹枝無lōa茂盛，總是彎彎曲曲soan到三千里。東北爿有一個鬼門，鬼lóng對chit-ê門teh出入。有兩個鬼神，名神荼kap鬱壘，徛tī hit-ê門裡teh檢閱hiah-ê出入ê鬼。若看著歹鬼就用索仔kā縛，續hiat hō͘虎食。 |
|
Tùiténg-bīnsó͘kóngchitnn̄gêkò͘-tiánkhòaⁿ, thangchaikó-chásīēngthô-áchhâōeSîn-tô͘Ut-lúiêsiōngkùi tī mn̂g-piⁿtehchòphek-siâkhu-kúiêlō͘-ēng. Kàukin-á-ji̍t, bôlângēngthô-áchhâ, sīēngchóalâiōe, á-sīìn, iū-kohbôtahtīmn̂g-piⁿ, sītahtīmn̂g-sìⁿêmn̂g-hio̍h--ni̍h.
|
對頂面所講chit兩個故典看，thang知古早是用桃仔柴畫神荼鬱壘ê像kùitī門邊teh做避邪驅鬼ê路用。到今仔日，無人用桃仔柴，是用紙來畫，抑是印，又koh無貼tī門邊，是貼tī門扇ê門葉裡。 |
|
Tùián-nikhòaⁿ, thô-hûá-sīthô-pánsīián-piànpìⁿ-chòkin-á-ji̍ttahtīmn̂g-hio̍h--ni̍hhitnn̄gsianSîn-tô͘Ut-lúiêsiōng.
|
對按呢看，桃符抑是桃板是演變變做今仔日貼tī門葉裡hit兩sian神荼鬱壘ê像。 |
Chóng-sīchhin-chhiūⁿkīn-sèēngtùi-kùsiátīâng-chóaliâu-álâitahmn̂g-bâikapmn̂g-khiā. Chitêhong-sekkapiû-lâitùitó-ūilâi, si̍t-chāibôtàngkhe-khó.
|
總是親像近世用對句寫tī紅紙條仔來貼門楣kap門徛。Chit-ê方式kap由來對佗位來，實在無tàng稽考。 |
|
Sè-sio̍klóngsīliû-thôankóng, chhun-liânsīthô-hûián-piànlâi--ê. chóng-sīchiàugû-kiàn, thô-hûsīián-piànchòkin-á-ji̍ttahtīmn̂g-hio̍hhitnn̄gêkúi-siōngnā-tiāⁿ. KhiokSu-gôanūsiákóng: It-liânit-hòan, kò͘íûisin-liânkò͘-sū, hō͘sûiíchhun-liânûithô-hû.
|
世俗lóng是流傳講，春聯是桃符演變來ê。總是照愚見，桃符是演變做今仔日貼tī門葉hit兩個鬼像若定。曲思源有寫講：一年一換，故以為新年故事，後遂以春聯為桃符。 |
|
Chóng-sībôkū-thé-tek tián-kò͘. Chiàugû-kiàn: Tiong-koksībûn-jīêpang-kok(), ài-hoòⁿbûn-chiuⁿ, si-sû, ko-hù(, , ), iū-kohài-hoòⁿgē-su̍t. Khòaⁿkó͘-tāise-iûⁿàiōetô͘tīpiah-ni̍h; Tiong-kokm̄-nāàiōetô͘, iāàisiájī, he̍k-sītīpiah-ni̍h, á-sīchóa-ni̍h, chòliân, chòchhat-álâitiàu-tehhim-sióng. Ín-ūichitêsim-chêngêiau-kiû, hòng-kiamtīsin-nîkèng-kahèng-chhù, chiūsiáhó-kùlâitahtīmn̂g-bâi, iāhóchng-thāⁿ, iāhógóan-sióng. Ēngâng-chóa, tīTiong-koksībôkî-koài, in-ūiTiong-kokēngsek-tìlâipiáu-sīkai-kipkapkám-chêng; hí-sūēngâng, song-sūēngpe̍h, n̂g, á-sīle̍k.
|
總是無具體典故。照愚見：中國是文字ê邦國()，愛好文章，詩詞，歌賦(，，)，又koh愛好藝術。看古代西洋愛畫圖tī壁裡；中國m̄-nā愛畫圖，也愛寫字，或是tī壁裡，抑是紙裡，做聯，做chhat仔來吊teh欣賞。因為chit-ê心情ê要求，況兼tī新年更加興趣，就寫好句來貼tī門楣，也好裝艷，也好玩賞。用紅紙，tī中國是無奇怪，因為中國用色緻來表示階級kap感情；喜事用紅，喪事用白，黃，抑是綠。 |
|
Kiat-lūn
|
結論 |
|
Chiàuténg-bīnsó͘khe-khó, tahtīlióng-pêngêmn̂g-hio̍hêkúi-siōngkhak-si̍tsītùithô-hûsó͘ián-piànlâiê, chitkhóanphek-siâkhu-kúiêbê-sìn. Só͘-ílánchòsìn-tô͘chū-jiânm̄-thangthànchitkhóanêkū-kòan.
|
照頂面所稽考，貼tī兩爿ê門葉ê鬼像確實是對桃符所演變來ê，chit款避邪驅鬼ê迷信。所以咱做信徒自然m̄-thang趁chit款ê舊慣。 |
Nā-sītahmn̂g-liânêsū, chiàukhòaⁿsīchi̍tkhóanbîn-cho̍kêhiong-thó͘gē-su̍t. Tùichitêli̍p-tiûⁿlâisiūⁿ, sèng-tô͘iābôm̄-thang; chóng-sītùitīsó͘ēngêjī-kùtio̍hsè-jī. Sè-sio̍ksó͘ēngiāūchinhóêkù, chhin-chhiūⁿlánphó͘-thongsó͘khòaⁿê:
|
若是貼門聯ê事，照看是一款民族ê鄉土藝術。對chit ê立場來想，聖徒也無m̄-thang；總是對tī所用ê字句著細膩。世俗所用也有真好ê句，親像咱普通所看ê： |
|
Khînúkhiāmûichê-kasiōng-chhek, Jímjîhôsīchhú-sèliông-kui. Á-sī: Ku-kachíiúthian-lûnlo̍k, Chhú-sèîgîtē-pō͘khoan.
|
勤與儉為齊家上策，忍而和是處世良規。抑是：居家只有天倫樂，處世惟宜地步寬。 |
|
Sui-jiânsīán-ni, lánsìn-tô͘nāēnglánSèng-hōeha̍ptō-líêbûn-kùsīkoh-khahhó. Chá-nîTiong-kokSèng-kàusu-kio̍kūchhutchi̍tpún“Sèng-hōeliân-thiap” (). Tīchiachhau-lio̍ktām-po̍hchòtāi-keêchham-khó.
|
雖然是按呢，咱信徒若用咱聖會合道理ê文句是koh-khah好。早年中國聖教書局有出一本「聖會聯帖」()。Tī chia抄錄淡薄做大家ê參考。 |
|
1神,
|
2仁慈上帝,穌 |
11新春既到新到,舊歲剛除舊罪除
|
12主朝晚宜謝,帝德時刻莫忘 |
41,穌拯救群黎
|
42,耶存心自有天知 |
|
(2) Pàng-phàu()
|
(2)放炮() |
|
Sè-sio̍klângtī29mê, chiūsǹgkah-chílâitēng“Khui-chiaⁿ” á-sīkóng“Khui-chhun” (, ) êsî. Hit-tia̍pchiūpâitiⁿ-kó, chiū-sīâng-chó, tang-koe, seng-jîn, tiⁿ-kóe, hoat-kóeténg, siohiuⁿ, siokim, phàuchheng-têlâipàisîn. Iāke-kehō͘-hō͘chiūpàng-phàu, pìn-pòng-háu, kah-náchhin-chhiūⁿtehsio-thâi.
|
世俗人tī 29暝，就算甲子來定「開正」抑是講「開春」(，) ê時。Hit-tia̍p就排甜果，就是紅棗，冬瓜，生仁，甜粿，發粿等，燒香，燒金，泡清茶來拜神。也家家戶戶就放炮，pìn-pòng哮，kak-ná親像teh相刣。 |
|
Phàusiēngchho͘-chóakńghóe-io̍hêtengsim, kńgchinân, behpàngêsî, ēnghóetiámsimhiathiah-ka̍k. Hóe-io̍hin-ūikekân-ân, behhoatchiūchhutchintōaêsiaⁿlâitân. Phàuūchinchēkhóan, ūtōa-phàu, tiong-phàu, liân-phàu-á, tek-ko-phàu, á-sīkó͘-têng-phàu. Kīn-lâim̄-nāsin-nî, kiat-hun, liânhoan-gêng, iàn-hōe, hó-pháiⁿ-sūtotehpàng-phàu.
|
炮是用粗紙捲火藥ê燈心，捲真ân，beh放ê時，用火點心hiat hiah-ka̍k。火藥因為激絚絚，beh發就出真大ê聲來tân。炮有真濟款，有大炮，中炮，連炮仔，竹篙炮，抑是鼓亭炮。近來m̄-nā新年，結婚，連歡迎，宴會，好歹事都teh放炮。 |
Iû-lâi
|
由來 |
|
Chhâ-khópàng-phàuêiû-lâi, tú-túchiàuhàn-jīsó͘siápo̍k-tiok(), ì-sùchiū-sīsiotek-á. In-ūitekūtek-chat, kìⁿ-tio̍hhóesiopiak-phòaêsîēchhutsiaⁿpòngchi̍t-ē, chhin-chhiūⁿphàutehtânêsiaⁿ(lánsiông-siôngbatkeng-giām).
|
查考放炮ê由來，拄拄照漢字所寫爆竹()，意思就是燒竹仔。因為竹有竹節，見著火燒爆破ê時ē出聲pòng一下，親像炮teh tân ê聲(咱常常bat經驗)。 |
|
Sím-mi̍hin-toaⁿsiotek-áhō͘ichhut-siaⁿ. KhòaⁿKeng-chhó͘sòe-sî-kìchiūchaihitêiû-lâi:
|
甚麼因端燒竹仔hō͘伊出聲。看荊楚歲時記就知hit-ê由來： |
|
Cheng-goa̍titji̍tsīsamgôanchiji̍t, kebêngjîkhí, ûtêng-chiânpo̍k-tiok, ípīSan-sook-kúi.
|
正月一日是三元之日，雞鳴而起，於庭前爆竹，以避山臊惡鬼。 |
|
Ì-sùsīkóng, “Chiaⁿ-goe̍hchhe-it, kethîêsîchiūkhí-lâi, tīmn̂g-kháu-tiâⁿsiotek-áhō͘itân, lâikiaⁿchi̍tkhóanpháiⁿ-kúi, kiò-chòSan-so.”
|
意思是講，正月初一，雞啼ê時就起來，tī門口庭燒竹仔hō͘伊tân，來驚一款歹鬼，叫做山臊。」 |
|
Hàn-tiâuūchi̍tpúnchhehmiâkiòSîn-īⁿ-keng(), chôan-pō͘sītehsiábû-khechi-tām, hitlāi-bīnūkóng-khíSan-so() êkò͘-sū:
|
漢朝有一本冊名叫神異經()，全部是teh寫無稽之談，hit內面有講起山臊() ê故事： |
|
Se-hongchhimsantiongiújînian, sinchhiokû, thán-sinpō͘hâhāi, sèngputùijîn, phàⁿpo̍k-tiokseng, kiànjînchísiok, bō͘íkîhoóⁿíkùhâhāi, bêngoa̍tSan-so.
|
西方深山中有人焉，身尺餘，袒身捕蝦蟹，性不畏人，怕爆竹聲，見人止宿，暮依其火以灸蝦蟹，名曰山臊。 |
Ì-sùsīkóng, “Se-hngêchhim-soaⁿlāiūchi̍tkhóanlângchhiohgōakôan, thǹg-thehēlia̍hhê-á, mô͘-hē, sèngchêngm̄-kiaⁿlâng, chí-ūkiaⁿsiotek-ápo̍kêsiaⁿ. Khòaⁿ-tio̍hlâng, chiūtòahiatánkàuji̍t-àmêsî, ēnghóelâipûhê-á, mô͘-hē, hithōlângkiò-chò“San-so.”
|
意思是講，西方ê深山內有一款人尺外kôan，褪裼會掠蝦仔，毛蟹，性情m̄驚人，只有驚燒竹仔爆ê聲。看著人，就tòa hia等到日暗ê時，用火來pû蝦仔，毛蟹，hit號人叫做「山臊。」 |
|
Chiàukhòaⁿkiám-chháisīchi̍tkhóanchhin-chhiūⁿseng-sengêtōng-bu̍t, kó͘-chálângm̄-bat, khòaⁿchòlâng?
|
照看檢采是一款親像猩猩ê動物，古早人m̄-bat，看做人？ |
|
Tùián-nikhòaⁿ, po̍k-tiokgôan-lâisīūi-tio̍hkhu-kúiphek-siâêlō͘-ēng. Khí-thâusīēnghóesiotek-á, āu-lâikáichòphàu, ēngchóapauhóe-io̍hiāsīsio-siâng.
|
對按呢看，爆竹原來是為著驅鬼避邪ê路用。起頭是用火燒竹仔，後來改做炮，用紙包火藥也是相siâng。 |
|
Kiat-lūn
|
結論 |
|
Sèng-tô͘m̄-thangēng, m̄-thangthàn. In-ūikì-jiâniû-lâisīchhin-chhiūⁿténg-bīnsó͘kóngchhuttùiīⁿ-toankhiàn-sńg, lánnāán-nithàn, batêlângbehthí-chhiòlán.
|
聖徒m̄-thang用，m̄-thang趁。因為既然由來是親像頂面所講出對異端譴損，咱若按呢趁，bat ê人beh恥笑咱。 |
|
Hóe-io̍hgôan-lâisīTiong-koklânghoat-bêngê, lánbôēnglâichòseng-sánkiàn-siatêlō͘-ēng, hóan-tńgēnglâichòkhiàn-sńgêlō͘-ēng. Chúnchòkiat-hun, hoan-gêngêsîpàng-phàu, iāsīlōng-hùi. Kīn-lâinálī-hāi, chhì-siūⁿ, chi̍tnî-tangchôanTâisiau-mô͘lōa-chēhiat-ka̍k? M̄-nāán-ni, iāsīchincho-chakchhá-nāulâng. Nākohsiūⁿ-tio̍htīpàng-phàulâisiong-tio̍hlâng, á-sīphàu-chóalâiín-khíhóe-chai, chiūkohkhahput-tek-liáu. Chóngkóng, put-tànsīkhiàn-sńg, kohsīiúsúnbôek. Só͘-ísèng-tô͘bô-lūnsin-nî, kiat-hun, hópháiⁿsūêsî, tek-khakm̄-thangthànchitkhóanīⁿ-toanbôlī-ekêpháiⁿhong-sio̍k.
|
火藥原來是中國人發明ê，咱無用來做生產建設ê路用，反轉用來做譴損ê路用。準做結婚，歡迎ê時放炮，也是浪費。近來ná厲害，試想，一年冬全台消磨若濟hiat-ka̍k？M̄-nā按呢，也是真嘈促吵鬧人。若koh想著tī放炮來傷著人，抑是炮紙來引起火災，就koh-khah不得了。總講，不但是譴損，koh是有損無益。所以聖徒無論新年，結婚，好歹事ê時，的確m̄-thang趁chit款異端無利益ê歹風俗。 |
